22 TOBACCO PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES. 



SMOKERS FAT LUGS. The very fat, heavy, and oily lugs of the Clarksville and other heavy tobacco-producing 

 districts, beside being used in the manufacture of common snuff in the United States and Germany, tor baling 

 fillers, and for spinning fillers, as noted elsewhere, are also taken on the continent for making common cigars. 



SWITZERLAND. 



Swiss WRAPPER. This is a long and broad leaf, 26 to 30 inches in length, silky, of flue fiber and stem, and of a 

 dark-brown or chestnut color. It is desirable that the spaces between the small or lateral stems should be broad r 

 and the combination of thin with strong and elastic texture is desired, that a maximum supply of wrapper may 

 be obtained from a given weight of product. It is used in Switzerland as a wrapper in the manufacture of cigars, 

 and is supplied chiefly from the Clarksville district, but to a small extent from other heavy-producing districts. 



HOLLAND. 



DUTCH SAUCEE. This is similar in all respects to the German saucer, except that it is thinner and more silky 

 in texture. It is exported exclusively to Rotterdam. 



BELGIUM. 



BELGIAN CUTTER. This is a short leaf of a mottled or piebald color, and of fair body, without fat or oil. The 

 general quality and structure are such as have been described for German and Dutch saucers, except that the grade 

 is lower than is used for those purposes. It is used in Belgium for cutting. 



DENMARK, NORWAY, AND SWEDEN. 



A bright, mottled or red, fleshy, sweet leaf, not fat, prepared in Germany from the product usually of Virginia 

 and the Kentucky and Tennessee districts, is a great favorite in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. In addition to- 

 this the heavy Clarksville types, cured with fire, are largely consumed in these countries. 



AFRICAN SHIPPERS. 



African shippers may be divided into three classes, as follows : 



1. Suitable for southern Africa, should be of long, dark leaf, strong body, small tie, put in hogsheads of small 

 size, and prized to weigh about 1,550 pounds gross ; neatly handled. 



2. Suitable for the intermediate portion of the country, should be of long leaf, medium to light color, fine 

 fibers, handled as class one, and weigh about 1,450 pounds gross. 



3. Suitable for the more northern part of Africa, should be of light leaf, not so long as classes one and two, and 

 handled in medium-sized hogsheads, weighing not more than 1,450 pounds gross. It is better that this class should 

 not be overhandled. 



During the past few years tobacco has also been packed in boxes for shipment to the coast of Africa. The 

 quality is the same as described above, about 400 pounds going into a box by hard prizing, and the tobacco is more 

 subject to atmospheric influences than when prized in hogsheads. 



While most of the tobacco shipped to Africa is first rehandled in this country, still there is a fair proportion 

 of leaf of suitable quality and handling sent to market direct .by farmers. This is mainly taken for account of 

 merchants in Boston, Massachusetts, who send cargoes of various articles to the African coast. 



MEXICO, SOUTH AMERICA, AND THE WEST INDIES. 



BALING WRAPPERS. This is a heavy leaf, 28 to 30 inches in length, of fair width, very fat and oily, of heavy 

 texture, and of very dark color. A necessary condition of this class is that it should be neatly tied in small bands, 

 neatly and strongly packed in casks, and moderately pressed. It is used as wrappers in preparing stock for the 

 trade of the several markets named, and is packed in bales weighing from 100 to 200 pounds, and covered with 

 cloth, so that two bales may be balanced across the back of a pack mule for transportation across the mountainous- 

 regions of the districts in "which it is consumed. 



BALING FILLERS. Common rich and heavy leaf and fine lugs of heavy body and full supply of oils and 

 fatness are used for this purpose. Some of the exports to the West Indies are called "black fats", and are made 

 dark by very heavy pressure and by the application of water, clear or tobacco-stained. 



Nondescript leaf is incapable of classification. It has the merit of cheapness, and is usually bought and held 

 by speculators, who take advantage of the scarcity of some well-defined type to put a nondescript variety on the 

 market approaching in general qualities the type in demand. 



The lowest and commonest grades of lugs are often used in the United States, especially if air-cured, in the 

 manufacture of the cheapest grade of pipe-smoking tobacco. With this product a large proportion of stems ia 

 frequently mixed to increase the bulk and to reduce the cost. Some of this low grade is also used in making sheep- 

 wash. 



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