A. AND M. COLLEGE APIARY. 37 



used for brood chamber or it may be a "shallow extracting super" con- 

 taining shallow extracting frames such as is shown in Fig. 18. These 

 frames differ only from the regular Hoffman frames in that they are 

 but 5f inches deep. Where the full depth extracting super is used the 

 frames should all be wired, but in the shallow extracting super this is 

 unnecessary. 



In Texas and throughout the Indian Territory, the popular demand 

 is not for extracted honey, or for section honey, but for what is termed 

 "chunk" or "bulk comb" honey. This is sealed comb honey packed 

 usually in screw-top cans and having poured over it plenty of extracted 

 honey to fill all interstices and spaces between the combs. This bulk 

 comb honey is not known except in the territory mentioned, but as the 

 popular demand is for honey put up in this way, it will be to the interest 

 of the bee keeper to produce it. It has the added advantage that it 

 requires less skill in manipulation, less work, and its advocates claim 

 that during a given honey flow they can produce more of it than of sec- 

 tion honey, and almost as much as of extracted honey. In price it 

 varies between that of comb honey and extracted honey, and for the bee 

 keeper is the most profitable to produce. Its popularity doubtless lies in 

 the fact that it is comb honey with honey on both sides outside and 

 inside. 



Eegardless of which of the three varieties of honey the bee keeper 

 produces whether extracted, section, or bulk comb, he must adhere 

 firmly to certain principles if he would obtain the maximum amount of 

 honey. As soon as the white "brace combs" or bits of wax begin to ap- 

 pear at the tops of the brood frames, the super should be placed upon the 

 hive. Eegardless of whether it contains sections or extracting frames, 

 these should contain full sheets of foundation or at least starters, which 

 are merely narrow strips of foundation in the frames or sections, instead 

 of full-sized sheets. If possible, a frame of unsealed honey, or a few 

 partially filled sections saved over from the previous season, or taken 

 from another colony, should be placed in each super. These "baits" 

 will induce the bees to enter the supers and commence work much sooner 

 than they otherwise would. In case a colony obstinately refuses to go to 

 work in the super, take an entire super bees and all, from another 

 colony during the middle of the day, and place on the obstinate colony, 

 at the same time transferring the empty super to the other colony. This 

 exchanging of supers will in the majority of cases start them to work in 

 good shape. As soon as the first super is about half filled, lift it up and 

 insert another empty one beneath it. By the time this is half filled, or 

 over, the upper one should be nearly or completely finished and capped.. 

 This process of "tiering up" may be continued until the honey flow i& 

 nearly over, but extreme care must be exercised or a number of unfin- 

 ished sections or unsealed honey will result. Before being removed from 

 the hive all honey should be sealed. This indicates that it is sufficiently 

 evaporated or "ripened" so that it will keep. If sufficient supers are not 

 on hand to tier up during the entire honey flow, it will of course be 

 necessary to extract from time to time, or remove the filled sections and 

 substitute empty ones in their place. The same will hold true of those 

 localities with an exceptionally heavy flow. In no case should honey be 

 taken off before sealed, as by so doing its keeping qualities will be 

 impaired and it will later turn sour or spoil. 



