ANIMALS INJURIOUS TO FARM AND GARDEN PRODUCE. 



out, as short, thick, legless, yellowish-white maggots, and around 

 each a small swelling arises, known as a gall. Within this the larva 

 passes tli winter, and when full-fed it leaves the gall, and in the 

 earth makes a cocoon consisting of an internal gummy-like substance, 

 surrounded by particles of earth. It remains in the pupal stage about 

 eight weeks. 



In the early part of the year this life-cycle takes place on such 

 cruciferous plants as Charlock, and later on the cabbage and turnip. 



PREVENTIVE AND REMEDIAL MEASURES. 



Charlock and all cruciferous weeds should be destroyed. 



All infected cabbage stalks should be burnt, instead of being 

 allowed to rot in heaps, or buried in the ground. In both cases the 

 propagation of this pest is favoured, for the larvae make their way 

 from the galls into the earth, where they pupate, and later the beetles 

 emerge ready to infect a new crop. 



THE TURNIP FLEA BEETLE. 



Phyllotreta nemorum, Linn. 



The Turnip " Flea " or " Fly," the popular names of this 

 destructive insect, has been forwarded by numerous correspondents 

 with reference to damage done to turnips, cabbage, kale, etc. 



The life-history has long been familiar to agriculturists, having 



FIG. 3. THE TURNIP FLEA BEETLE. 



i. Beetle, much enlarged. 2. Natural length and wing expanse. 3. Beetle, natural size. 



4. 5. Egg, natural size and magnified. 6, 7. Mine and cuticle eaten away by larva. 



8, 9. Larva, natural size and magnified. 10, n. Pupa, natural size and magnified. 



