ANIMALS INJURIOUS TO FOREST AND ORNAMENTAL TREES. 



33 



Miss Ormerod also recommended " drenchings with any of the 

 Aphis washes in July, or when the Chenues are seen to be hatching," 

 but Mr. Burdon points out that the majority of the galls are closed 

 in July, in consequence of which the fluid would not reach the occu- 

 piers, and would therefore be of no effect. 



FIG. 14. Galls formed by Chermes abietis. Linn. 



Mr. Blandford has suggested washing in April, which would 

 certainly destroy numbers of the mothers and eggs, but would still 

 prove ineffective if the season were early and the larvae had com- 

 menced to enter the galls. 



It is quite evident from Mr. Burdon's researches that the winter 

 mothers or foundresses must be removed whilst still in the hibernating 

 condition ; it is therefore all-important that any washing should be 

 done in the winter. The results from Mr. Burdon's experiments were 

 most satisfactory. He used a sprayfluid consisting of 3 Ibs. of soft 

 soap dissolved in two quarts of boiling water, to which i pint of 

 paraffin was added whilst still boiling. These were then churned 



