ANIMALS INJURIOUS TO -FOREST AND ORNAMENTAL TREES. 35 



into this solution on March 3ist. The buds were just beginning to 

 swell, and the insects were all awake, and had commenced sucking. 

 No galls whatever have developed on this branch, the young shoots 

 have all grown out strong and healthy, and although a few of the 

 last year's needles have turned brown and died, the majority are quite 

 green and healthy, and what damage'there is is hardly worth noticing. 



Two Spruces, about 20 feet high, were also sprayed with this 

 solution, and although there were plenty of insects awake and sucking 

 at the buds at the time of spraying, I have been unable to find more 

 than two or three galls on the trees, and the presence of these is 

 accounted for by the trees being surrounded below by a clump of Box 

 and Yew bushes, which prevented the spray from reaching all the 

 buds. 



It is evident from these experiments that the Pine-Apple galls of 

 the Spruce can be entirely prevented by spraying the trees before the 

 buds begin to open that is, any time before the end of March and 

 that there is little risk of any injury to the foliage in such operation." 



THE GOAT MOTH. 



Cossus ligniperda, Fabr. 



Two cases of the larvae of this moth attacking poplar trees and 

 one oak trees have been dealt with during the past season. 



The life-history was given in my Second Report for 1904. x Since 

 then many inquiries have been received from all parts of the country, 

 the most serious being an attack of this moth on poplar trees at 

 Frinton, Essex, where great damage was committed. As many as 

 seventy larvae, in different stages of growth, were taken from three 

 pieces of a tree each about sixteen inches long. 



Although the moth is not observed to any great extent, partly 

 owing to its protective colouring, it is a common species, and has 

 been recorded as damaging a large variety of trees, amongst which 

 are the apple, ash, beech, birch, elm, lime, oak, pear, poplar, 

 sycamore, walnut, and willow. 



LlFE-HlSTORY. 



The eggs of this moth are deposited in little heaps about July 

 in cracks and crevices in the bark, and generally near to the ground, 



12nd Rpt. Inj. Insects, 1905, pp. 59-32, figs, xii-xvi. 



