30 SECOND REPORT ON ECONOMIC BIOLOGY. 



remains in the woody tissue during the first winter. In the following 

 summer it bores a gallery in the middle of the wood, and here it passes 

 the second winter. About May it passes beneath the bark, where it 

 spins a silky cocoon in which are particles of the bark, and changes 

 to a bright brown pupae, the moths emerging in June. 



PREVENTIVE AND REMEDIAL MEASURES. 



Cutting off and burning all infested branches is the only practical 

 treatment. Badly infested trees are best cut down and burnt. 

 Numerous small birds feed upon the eggs. 



THE PALE BRINDLED BEAUTY MOTH. 



Phigalia pilosaria, Hb. 



The occurrence of the wingless females of this moth on grease 

 bands on apple trees affords a striking instance of how insects, that 

 are generally regarded as uninjurious, may suddenly become injurious. 



The moth w r as first recorded by Mr. Theobald, 1 to whom it had 

 been sent from Kent on apple trees, and later the larvae were received 

 from an orchard in Sussex. 



Early in March last I found numerous males and females on 

 grease bands on Apple trees in Warwickshire, and later had the larvae 

 sent in from Worcestershire. 



As mentioned above, the female is wingless, and crawls up the 

 tree trunk in order to deposit her eggs in the crevices of the bark on 

 the same. When first deposited the eggs are greenish in colour, later 

 changing to a reddish-brown. 



Larvae received at the end of March measured from i inch to ij 

 inches in length, and were very variable in colour. Reddish-brown 

 was the prevailing colour, but some had conspicuous yellow markings. 



When full-fed they fall from the trees and pupate in the soil. 



Wherever this insect is observed, treating the trees with grease 

 bands will afford protection. The bands should not be removed until 

 the end of April, and kept in a sticky condition until that time. 



1 Report Econ. Zool., 1910, p. 16. 



