BOOK FOUR. 



PSYCHOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, AND 

 SOCIOLOGY. 



(MIND, MAN, AND SOCIETY.) 



CHAPTEK XII. 



PROGRESS OF PSYCHOLOGY.* 



PSYCHOLOGY is " the positive science of mental 

 process " ; it investigates mental events in their co- 

 existence and sequence, or mental products in their 

 subjective aspect. It has to do with the racial evolu- 

 tion of the mind and the development of the indi- 

 vidual consciousness, but not with what ought to be 

 in thought or in conduct (logic and ethics), nor with 

 the nature of knowledge as such (metaphysics). 



Its data are obtained from a study of the products 

 of past mental processes and of the stages of processes 

 presently occurring or just fading into the past. Its 

 methods are introspection and retrospection, observa- 

 tion and experiment. And it aims, like other sci- 

 ence, at restating the facts in general formula, or in 



* The aim of this chapter is simply to illustrate four 

 noteworthy changes in the aims and methods of psychol- 

 ogy which may be called characteristic of the nineteenth 

 century. 



