480 PROGRESS OF SCIENCE IN THE CENTURY. 



lution of man are derived from his bones, from his 

 implements, and from the remains of his homes and 

 monuments. To Sir John Lubbock is due the now 

 universally used term " palaeolithic " for the first of 

 the prehistoric periods with definite data, and the 

 second half of the nineteenth century is rich in re- 

 searches on this ancient era. It is probable that 

 palaeolithic man (defined by remains in the inter- 

 glacial epoch) had already spread over nearly the 

 whole world, that he knew naturally-kindled fire, 

 that his diet, at first mainly vegetarian, became more 

 carnivorous as hunting and fishing developed, that 

 he had no cultivated plants, no houses, no monuments, 

 that he made stone implements but did not grind 

 or polish them, that he made a few personal orna- 

 ments, that he could sew, and that he sometimes drew 

 with considerable skill. In this period the state of 

 man is often described as " savage." See A. H. 

 Keane's Ethnology (1896), p. 110, and Tyler's An- 

 thropology (1881). 



(d*) In Neolithic times, man seems to have been 

 able to make fire and to have sometimes cooked his 

 food; to hunting and fishing he had added stock- 

 breeding and tillage; there were many cultivated 

 plants; he had houses, barrows, graves, and monu- 

 ments (single blocks or polylithic cells) ; his indus- 

 tries extended to making polished stone instruments, 

 spinning, weaving, mining, pottery-making, carpen- 

 try, and boat-building. In this period the state of 

 man is often described as* " barbaric" Between the 

 palaeolithic and the neolithic periods, there often 

 seems a hiatus (as in Britain), but there is evidence 

 elsewhere (in southern and south-eastern lands) of 

 continuous evolution. 



