ADVANCE OF ANTHROPOLOGY. 483 



' sub-species,' but the latter term appears the most 

 appropriate." 



Whether we should regard the races of mankind 

 as distinct species, or as sub-species, or as varieties, 

 remains a subject of verbal discussion, but the mod- 

 ern evolutionary conception of " species " has 

 robbed the problem of most of the interest it once 

 had. The important thing is that the modern statis- 

 tical method of talcing account of specific characters 

 should be applied to the races of men, that actually 

 occurring variations should be recorded, and that, 

 as far as possible, all non-congenital differences (due 

 to individual modification} and all artificial differ- 

 ences (e. g., politically defined nationality} should 

 be separated from the congenital characters which 

 alone are indicative of genetic affinity. 



EACES OF MANKIXD. 



The difficulty that has been felt in distinguishing 

 human races is parallel to that which is familiar to 

 the zoologist in regard, for instance, to dogs, or to 

 the botanist in regard to willows or brambles. 



" All being fertile inter se, although possibly in 

 different degrees, and several having early acquired 

 migratory habits, endless new varieties have constantly 

 been formed since remote prehistoric times, both by 

 segmentation of early groups, and by countless fresh 

 combinations of early established varieties. Outward 

 modifying influences must have been brought into 

 play as soon as the first-named groups began to migrate 

 from their original homes, and such influences, inten- 

 sified by the climatic changes accompanying the 

 advance and retreat of glacial phenomena, would in- 



