142 MICROBES, FERMENTS, AND MOULDS. 



sions composed of most competent men, have clearly 

 shown the virtue of the protective action. In the 

 summer of 1881, the initiation was taken by the 

 Melun Society of Agriculture. Twenty-five sheep and 

 eight cows or oxen were vaccinated at Pouilly-le-Fort, 

 and then re-inoculated with blood from animals which 

 had recently died of anthrax, together with twenty- 

 five sheep and five cows which had not been previously 

 vaccinated. None of the vaccinated animals suffered 

 while the twenty-five test sheep died within forty- 

 eight hours, and the five cows were so ill that the 

 veterinary surgeons despaired of them for several 

 days. 



This experiment was publicly repeated in Sep- 

 tember, 1881, by Thuillier, Pasteur's fellow- worker, 

 whose death we have recently had to deplore, before the 

 representatives of the Austro-Hungarian Government ; 

 and again near Berlin, in 1882, before the representa- 

 tives of the German Government, and always with 

 the same success. Up to April, 1882, more than 

 130,000 sheep and 2000 oxen or cows had been vac- 

 cinated ; and since that time the demand for vaccine 

 from Pasteur's laboratory has reached him from every 

 quarter. 



III. FOWL CHOLERA. 



The sickness of barn-door poultry, which is com- 

 monly called cholera, is caused by the presence in the 



