CONTENTS. 



IX 



CHAPTER V. 

 Yeasts. 



PAGES 



Introduction, 225 



Nutrition of Yeasts, , 225-229 



Theories of Fermentation, 229-255 



The Enzymes of Yeast, 255-256 



The Action of the Saccharomycetes and similar Fungi on Carbo- 

 hydrates and other Constituents of Nutritive Liquids Diseases 



in Beer, 256-266 



The Products of Alcoholic Fermentation, . . . . . . 267-269 



Auto-Fermentation, 269-270 



Fermenting Power, Fermentative Energy, Raising Power, . . . 270 



The Biological Relationship of Yeast, . 270-280 



Variations in the Saccharomycetes, ....... 280-289 



M orphology and Anatomy of Yeast Cells, 290-313 



Yeast Deposits, . -290-292 



Film Formation . . . . 292-297 



Cultures on Solid Substrata, 297-298 



Structure and Character of Yeast Cells, ...... 29S-3< 2 



Ascospore Formation, . . . . . . . ... 302-310 



Analysis of Yeast, 310-313 



I. Saccharomyces, ........... 314-385 



Classification of the Saccharomycetes, ...... 315-317 



1. Species used Industrially (Culture Yeasts), . .... 317-344 



(a) Brewery Yeasts, ......... 317-341 



Classification, 318-319 



The use of Pure Bottom Yeasts in Practice, . . . 319-320 



Carlsberg Bottom Yeasts 1 and 2, ..... 320-323 



Low-Fermentation Yeasts described by Will, . . . 324 



" Saaz" and "Frohberg" (P. Lindner), .... 325 

 Low-Fermentation Yeasts described by Schonfeld and 



Rommel, 325 



Saccharomyces cerevisias or Sacch. cer. I. (Hansen), . . 326-328 



Top-Fermentation Yeasts described by JOrgensen and Holm, 329-339 



Top-Fermentation Yeasts described by Regensburger, . 339-341 



The use of Pure Top- Fermentation Yeasts in Practice. . 341 



(b) Distillery and Press Yeasts, 342-343 



(c) Wine Yeasts .... 343-344 



2. Yeasts not yet applied Industrially, ...... 345-385 



Saccharomyces Pastorianus or S. Past. I.. . . . . 345-347 



S. intermedius or S. Pastorianus II. , . . . . . 347-349 



S. validus or S. Pastorianus III. , 349-351 



S. ellipsoideus or S. ellips. I., 351-353 



S. turbidans or S. ellips. II 354-355 



S. Willianus, 355 



S. Bayanus, 356 



