218 



MICRO-ORGANISMS AND FERMENTATION. 



on grapes. The mycelium forms a film on liquids, and consists 

 of branched, greyish filaments, which at different points 

 develop conidia of unequal form and size filled with glistening 

 and highly refractive protoplasm. The mycelium frequently 

 divides up into separate Oidium-Uke cells. Cienkowski first 

 gave a detailed description of Chalara in his memoir on the 



Fig. 43. Chalara mycoderma (after Hansen). 1, A branched hypha. the terminal limb of 

 which is throwing off conidia ; 2, a hypha, at the upper cell of which a sterigma, which has 

 thrown off conidia ; 3-9, various forms of hyphw links, which are separating conidia. 



film-forming fungi. Hansen found that this mould develops 

 both in ordinary wort and lager beer, as well as in the diluted 

 liquors. 



9. Dematium pullulans. 



A mould about which a great deal has been written in the 

 literature of our subject is Dematium pullulans (Fig. 44), which 

 was first described by de Bary, and more minutely by Loew. 



