868 MICRO-ORGANISMS AND FERMENTATION. 



Pichia farinosa or S. farinosus was discovered by Lindner 

 in Danzig Jopen beer (53 to 54 Balling), and by K. Saito 

 in Soja sauce. The cells are slim, the older cells often 

 angular. In the film abundant spore-formation takes place. 

 The maximum temperature for the formation of the film is 

 approximately 37 C. This species liquefies wort-gelatine when 

 allowed to stand for some time. It feebly ferments dextrose 

 and Isevulose, but not d-mannose. 



Pichia Eadaisii or S. Badaisii is described by Lutz, and 

 is found in " Tibi." It is an exciter of fermentation contained 

 in the fig cactus (Opuntia), which is used in Mexico in the 

 preparation of a feebly acid and alcoholic drink. The cells 

 are a longish oval, the spores round, and usually four in each 

 cell. At 22 to 23 C. spores form in twelve hours. The 

 maximum temperature for spore-formation lies between 25 

 and 28 C. ; the optimum temperature for film-formation 23 

 C. Development ceases at 37 to 38 C. Colonies on gelatine 

 gradually acquire a red colour. 



Willia anomala or Saccharomyces anomalus Hansen 



(Figs. 57 and 78). 



This very curious species was found by Hansen in an 

 impure brewery yeast from Bavaria. It gives a rapid and 

 vigorous fermentation in wort, and even at the beginning of 

 the fermentation develops a dull grey film. During fermenta- 

 tion the liquid acquires an ethereal, fruity odour (according 

 to Seifert, ethyl acetate). 



It brings about the decomposition of alcohol to form water 

 and carbon dioxide, and finally decomposes the acetic ether. 

 According to Nielsen, it only produces 0-9 per cent, by volume 

 of alcohol in wort. It ferments dextrose, but neither maltose nor 

 lactose, and secretes scarcely any invertase. Other observers 

 have, however, found a distinct formation of invertase. 



The cells grown in wort are small, oval, or sometimes 

 sausage-shaped, and in their microscopic appearance they 

 resemble species of Torula. When the development has gone 

 on for some time many cells, both in the sediment and in the 

 film, are found to contain spores. 



