TORULA. 



387 



water, it yields respectively 5-1 and 6-2 per cent, by volume 

 of alcohol, after fourteen days at 25 C. ; the latter culture 

 gave 7 per cent, by volume of alcohol in two months. Dex- 

 trose solutions of the same concentration and under similar 

 conditions gave 6-6 and 8-5 per cent, of alcohol by volume. 



The seventh species (Figs. 90 and 91) was found in the soil 

 under vines. The sedimentary cells are most frequently oval 

 and in part larger than those of the last species. Certain 



I/ -^^j' *- -r \ \ ~ *r ^j. -' - v_" ' 



Fig. 90. Tonda (after Hausen) Sedimentary forms after one day's growth in beer- 

 wort at 25 C. 



x-v- 



W^XVTC 



fe^ 



O> 



Fig. 91. Torula (after Hansen). Same species as Fig. 90. Film-formation on a wort- 

 culture ten months old. 



cells of the films are very irregular in shape. This Torula 

 produces only 1 per cent, by volume of alcohol in wort, does 

 not ferment maltose, and neither ferments nor inverts cane- 

 sugar. In 10 per cent, and 15 per cent, solutions of dextrose 

 in yeast- water it gave 4-6 and 4-5 per cent, by volume of 

 alcohol in 15 days at 25 C., and 4-8 and 4-7 per cent, in 28 days. 

 In two other flasks 4-8 and 53 per cent, of alcohol were 

 produced after long standing. Hansen assumes that this 



