388 MICRO-ORGANISMS AND FERMENTATION. 



species takes part in vinous fermentation, and considers it 

 probable that species such as the sixth and seventh, which pro- 

 duce a vigorous fermentation in dextrose solutions, take part 

 in the fermentation of grape and other fruit juices. On the 

 other hand, they have probably little importance in breweries- 

 and distilleries, since they are unable to ferment maltose. 



Another species of Torula (Torula Novae Carlsbergice), the 

 cells of which exhibit very different forms, has been described 

 by Gronlund. It imparts a disagreeable bitter taste to wort. 

 According to Schjerning's investigations it inverts cane-sugar, 

 and induces alcoholic fermentation in solutions of cane-sugar, 

 dextrose, and maltose. In ordinary brew T ery-wort it can 

 produce about 4-7 per cent, by volume of alcohol. 



The following species of Torula r 

 together with the two rose-coloured 



Q Q budding fungi described under the 



fi e CL * e at i * 



j tP ft ^fe name of Torula o and c, were pre- 



ff $ < ^ pared in a pure state in the author 'a 



"8 B^t ft ^ ^ laboratory, and are used in the 



ex > ft course of instruction given in his- 



^S% & laboratory. 



$ * . * J. C. Holm was the first to give 



Fig. ^.-Torma a. Young an exact description of these three 



culture (Brask). X 560. SPCCieS 



Torula a Torula Holmii n.sp- 



The culture of the young sedimentary growth, consists of 

 small oval cells (Fig. 92). Here and there single larger cells 

 occur both oval and round. The length of the cells varies 

 from 3-5 to 5-5 JJL, the breadth from 1-4 to 2-1 /u. It gives 

 a feeble fermentation in wort, yielding about 0-32 per cent, 

 by weight of alcohol. It inverts saccharose and raffinose, 

 and ferments the inverted sugars. It ferments dextrose, 

 but not maltose, lactose, and dextrin (d. puriss. Kahlbaum). 

 A film-formation takes place in wort in three to five days 

 at 25 C. The cells of the film are round and oval in wort, 

 whereas in dextrose-yeast water they assume Pastorianus or 

 irregular forms. The surface colonies on wort-gelatine (10 per 

 cent.) are round, white, lustrous, and slightly raised. The 

 edge of the colonies is smooth. 



