TORULA. 



39T 



with promycelium. The length varies from 7-7 to 10-5 /LI, 

 breadth from 3-5 to 5-0 /u. Giant cells often occur, some- 

 times with rather elongated form, 14-6 /u in length, sometimes 

 almost spherical and 9-5 /u in diameter (Figs. 94 and 95). 



When sown in wort or in various sugar solutions, it first 

 forms a smooth and afterwards a dry wrinkled film with 

 intense crimson-lake colour. The liquid under the film is- 

 clear. No sedimentary yeast is formed, and no fermentation 

 phenomena can be observed. The wort undergoes a remark- 

 able bleaching effect in older cultures. At 25 isolated islands 

 of film appear on the surface in sixty hours, and few cells 

 show indications of promycelium. The formation of pro- 

 mycelium takes place freely in eighty hours. The formation 



Fig. 94. Tfinila c. Wmng culture 

 (Brask). x 50. 



Fig. 95. Torula c. Film-formation, old culture 

 (Brask). x 560 



of buds takes place both on the promycelium and on the cells. 

 There is no fermentation in dextrose, maltose, lactose, sac- 

 charose, raffinose, or dextrin, but saccharose and raflfinose 

 solutions are inverted. 



In wort with 1 to 2 per cent, of alcohol a feeble fermenta- 

 tion is visible. With higher percentages of alcohol, no develop- 

 ment takes place. The surface colonies on wort-gelatine (10 

 per cent.) are round, pale pink in colour and opaque. At a 

 later stage the surface is warty, the edge jagged. The old 

 colonies are dry, and display a network of furrows and a 

 finely fringed edge. 



Janssen and Mertens described a red form appearing in 

 English beer, the cells of which develop many buds at one 



