ANNULATA. 



ANOPLURA. 



or more filaments, which are regarded as 

 antennae. In those in which the head is not 

 distinct, the mouth is situated at the anterior 

 end of the body ; in the others the mouth is 

 on the ventral surface, and is furnished with 

 a muscular proboscis. The mouth is usually 

 surrounded by turgid lips, and sometimes 

 possesses a distinct dental armature (see 

 HIRUDO). The oral aperture is frequently 

 surrounded by a number of erectile tentacles 

 or cirrhi. 



The intestinal canal is usually straight, 

 and furnished with lateral appendages, or 

 constricted at intervals; sometimes a distinct 

 oesophagus, stomach and intestine are distin- 

 guishable.' The inner, and sometimes the 

 outer surface of the alimentary tube is 

 covered with ciliated epithelium. A yellow 

 or brown glandular layer surrounding the 

 alimentary canal represents the liver. 



The general arrangement of the circulatory 

 system is, that two main vascular trunks, one 

 dorsal, the other ventral, traverse the body 

 longitudinally; and it appears that the blood 

 moves hi the dorsal vessel from behind 

 forwards, whilst in the abdominal vessel it 

 moves from before backwards ; these trunks 

 are connected by transverse vessels or meshes 

 of them. The anterior portion of the dorsal 

 vessel is usually broader, and appears to 

 form the rudiments of a heart. 



The respiration of the Annulata is effected 

 either by the skin ; by external gills in the 

 form of filaments or tufts, sometimes ciliated; 

 by internal ciliated canals or water-vessels ; 

 by ciliated depressions, or by vesicles at the 

 sides of the body. In many instances, a 

 transparent colourless liquid occupies the 

 interstices between the skin and the organs 

 of the body ; this contains colourless (rarely 

 coloured) corpuscles much resembling the 

 colourless corpuscles of the Vertebrata ; and 

 in this lie coils of vessels containing the 

 coloured blood. The colourless liquid is the 

 " chylaqueous fluid " of Dr. Williams. 



The Annulata are propagated by transverse 

 division, and by means of sexual organs. 



See the articles APHRODITA, H^EMO- 

 CHARIS, H^MOPIS, HIRUDO, NAIS, NE- 

 PHELIS and PLANARIA. 



BIBL. V. d. Hoeven, Handbuch der Zoo- 

 logie, vol. i.; Siebold, Lehrb. d. Vergl. Anat. 

 pt. 1; Todd's Cycl. of Anat. fy Phys., vol.i. 

 (Milne-Edwards) ; Quatrefages, Ann. d. Sc. 

 Nat. 3rd ser. vols. viii., ix., x. and xii. ; 

 Leydig (on Heemocharis (Piscicola}}, Siebold 

 and Kolliker's Zeitschr.f. Wissens. Zoolog. 

 vol. i. ; Johnston's Index to British An- 



nelida, Ann. Nat. Hist., 1845, xvi. 

 p. 433. 



ANOMALOCERA, Temp. A genus of 

 Entomostraca, of the order ^Copepoda and 

 family Diaptomidae. 



Char. Head distinguishable from the 

 body, with a bifid beak and a hooked spine 

 at the base on each side; thorax with six, 

 abdomen with four segments ; foot-jaws 

 three pairs ; last pair of legs differing from 

 the others ; eyes single, pedunculated in the 

 male ; right superior antenna with a swollen 

 hinge-joint (in the male) ; inferior antennae 

 not branched, three-jointed, basal joint with 

 a slender twig. 1 species : 



A. Patersonii (PI. 14. fig. 6, the male). 

 Marine. 



BIBL. Baird, Brit. Entomostr. p. 229; 

 Templeton, Trans. Entom.Soc.vol.ii. 1837. 



ANOMODON, Hook, and Taylor. A 

 genus of Mosses. See NECK ERA and 

 HYPNUM. 



ANOPLURA. An order of Insects ; 

 sometimes termed Parasitica or Epizoa. 



Char. Feet six ; wings none ; parasitic, 

 and not undergoing metamorphosis; eyes 

 two, simple, or none. 



These insects are parasitic upon mammals 

 and birds, and are commonly known as lice. 

 The order is thus subdivided : 



Suborder I. HAUSTELLATA or 

 RHYNCHOTA. 



Mouth with a tubular, very short haustellum. 

 Fam. 1. Pediculidce. 



a. Legs of two kinds, anterior 



ambulatory, posterior scan- 



sorial Phthirius. 



b. Legs all scansorial Pediculus. 



Hcematnpinus. 



Suborder II. MALLOPHAGA or 

 MANDIBULATA. 



Mouth with two horny mandibles. 



Fam. 2. Philopterid^e. Antennas filiform, 

 maxillary palpi wanting. 



a. Antennae five-jointed, tarsi 



two-jointed (i. e. two claws) . Philopterus. 



b. Antennse three-jointed, tarsi 



one-jointed Trichodectes, 



Fam. 3. Liotheidce. Antennae clavate, 

 maxillary palpi conspicuous. 



a. Tarsi two-jointed Liotheum. 



b. Tarsi one-jointed Gyropus. 



It appears that although the Anoplura do 

 not undergo metamorphosis as in the more 

 perfect insects, consisting of larva, pupa and 



