ANTHERIDIA. 



48 ] 



ANTHINA. 



Casuarina, Myosotis, Phlomis fruticosa, 

 Robinia, Adonis vernalis, Glaucium luteum, 

 Chelidonium majus, Magnolia, Liriodendron, 

 Dahlia, Leontodon, Solidago, Bellis perennis 

 (PI. 32. fig. 5), Geranium, Pelargonium, 

 Pinus, Cupressus, Juniperus. 



h. The walls simply thickened like wood- 

 cells. Zamia. 



Other intermediate modifications exist, and 

 it is necessary to observe that the character 

 of the markings often differs in different 

 parts of the wall of the anther. The side of 

 the cell-wall next the cavity is that generally 

 most marked; the outer-wall lying next 

 under the epidermis is often smooth and 

 unmarked. 



A similar structure is found on the walls 

 of the sporanges of many of the Hepaticae, 

 such as Marchantia (PI. 32. fig. 35), Junger- 

 mannia, &c. (see HEPATIC^B). Also on the 

 walls of the sporanges of Equisetum (see 

 EQUISETACE^E). For further particulars 

 respecting the relations of these cells to other 

 spiral-fibrous tissues, see SPIRAL STRUC- 

 TURES. 



BIBL. Purkinje, De cellulis antherarum 

 fibrosis, Wratislaviae, 1830. 



ANTHERIDIA. The general name ap- 

 plied to all the various structures in which, 

 certainly or probably, the fertilizing function 

 of reproduction resides in Flowerless Plants, 

 and which consequently correspond physio- 

 logically to the anthers of the Flowering 

 Plants. They all agree in one point, namely, 

 in the character of the final products, which 

 are extremely minute bodies, endowed with 

 spontaneous motion when placed in water. 



The antheridia of the higher Flowerless 

 Plants, those with leaf and stem, produce 

 active filaments, coiled more or less in a spi- 

 ral form, and the motion is here connected 

 with the presence of cilia upon the spiral fila- 

 ments. With regard to those of the Thallo- 

 phytes, the antheridia are not so well under- 

 stood. Their existence is clearly ascertained 

 in the Fucacege, and the active bodies are 

 ciliated : this is not yet fully ascertained of 

 those of the Florideae, and the observations 

 relating to them in the Confervoideae are as 

 yet in a doubtful state. In the Fungi and 

 Lichens the antheridia seem to be repre- 

 sented by a different kind of structure, 

 which produces free minute stick-shaped 

 bodies, apparently endowed with spontane- 

 ous motion. 



The moving bodies from the antheridia are 

 called spermatozoids, anther ozoids, or sper- 

 matic filaments in the higher Cryptogamia. 



Fig. 26. 



The active bodies of the Fungi and Lichens 

 have been provisionally named spermatia. 



The antheridia of the Rhizocarpese are re- 

 presented by the smaller form of spore pro- 

 duced in the sporanges (see RHIZO CAR- 

 PED). This is also the case in regard to the 

 Lycopodales so far as Selaginella and Isoetes 

 are concerned (see LYCOPODALES). In the 

 Ferns and Equisetaceae the antheridia are 

 produced along with the 

 archegonia on the prothal- 

 lium or cellular frond re- 

 sulting from the germina- 

 tion of the spore (see 

 FERNS and EQUISETA- 

 CE.E). In the Mosses and 

 leafy Liverworts, the an- 

 theridia are produced in 

 terminal or axillary buds, 

 associated with or separate 

 from the archegonia (fig. 

 25). In the frondose Liver- 

 worts, they are imbedded Bartramia fontana. 

 in the frond, or more Or less Male inflorescence with 



raised from it on special S^^&ffS 



receptacles (see MOSSES diameters. 

 and HEPATICAE). 



The supposed antheridial organs of the 

 Lichens are called spermagonia, and will be 

 found described under LICHENS, and the 

 analogous structures found in certain Fungi 

 called by the same name, are described un- 

 der CONIOMYCETOUS FUNGI, also under the 

 heads of certain genera of that family. The 

 antheridia of the Algae are best known in the 

 Fucaceae, and are described under that head, 

 and more particularly under Fucus. For 

 those of the FLORIDE^E see that heading, and 

 for the statements in regard to the Confer- 

 voidese, see OSCILLATORIE^E, CONFERVA- 

 CE,E, also MICROGONIDIA and SPERMATO- 

 ZOIDS. See also CHARA. 



BIBL. See under the special heads re- 

 ferred to. 



ANTHEROZOIDS. The term applied 

 by the French authors to the moving bodies 

 of antheridia. See SPERMATOZOIDS. 



ANTHINA, Fries. A genus of Isariacei 

 (Hyphomycetous Fungi), composed of mi- 

 nute fibrous plants, often of bright colours, 

 growing upon dead leaves, &c. in autumn. 

 One British species is recorded. 



A.flammea, Fr. Attenuated downwards, 

 smooth, crimson- saffron, dilated upwards, 

 feathery, yellow. Clavaria miniata, Purton. 

 A beautifully coloured Fungus, varying as 

 to the degree of ramification, scarcely 1-2'" 

 thick at the base j thickened upwards, as also 



