AZOLLA. 



[ 73 ] 



BALSAM. 



with numerous minute crystals of metallic 

 copper distributed through it. These crystals 

 are mostly in the form of triangular or hex- 

 agonal plates, the angles sometimes curiously 

 prolonged or beaked. 



It forms a beautiful microscopic object. 



It was originally manufactured at Venice, 

 and the process kept secret. But MM. Fremy 

 and Clemandot have shown that it may be 

 prepared by heating glass with protoxide of 

 copper and iron-scale (protoxide of iron) ; 

 the latter reduces the protoxide of copper by 

 combining with the oxygen so as to form the 

 peroxide. - 



BIBL. Wohler, Chem. Gaz. i.; Fremy and 

 Clemandot, I. c. iv. 



AZOLLA, Kaulf. A genus of Marsile- 

 aceae or Rhizocarpeae, consisting of a few 

 species of small floating plants, occurring in 

 Australia and throughout America. Their 

 mode of reproduction is evidently analogous 

 to that of Salvinia, but its development has 

 not yet been fully examined. 



BIBL. R. Brown, Flinders's Voyage, ii., 

 App. p. 611; Meyeu, Nova Acta Ac. 

 C. L. N. C. xviii. p. 507; Griffith, Calcutta 

 Journal of N. Hist. v. p. 227 ; Mettenius, 

 Linncea, xx. p. 259, 1847, transl. in Ann. 

 des Sc. nat. 3 ser. xi. p. 111. 



B. 



BACILLARIA, Gmelin. A genus of 

 Diatomaceae. 



Char. Frustules bacilliform, prismatico- 

 rectangular, linear, at first united transversely 

 into a straight tabular series, subsequently 

 forming oblique series ; marine. 



B. paradoxa (PI. 12. fig. 14). Front view 

 of frustules linear, rectangular, valves linear- 

 lanceolate, transversely striated ; length 

 1-220". (a, front view of oblique series of 

 frustules ; b, valve.) 



BIBL. Kutz. Sp. Alg. andBacill.-, Ehrenb. 

 In/us. 



BACTERIUM. A genus of Oscillatorieee 

 (Confervoid Algae), consisting of extremely 

 minute inflexible filaments, more or less di- 

 stinctly jointed, from imperfect transverse 

 division, exhibiting a vacillating (not undu- 

 latory) movement. Ehrenberg and Dujardin 

 place them among the infusorial animalcules 

 (Vibrionia, Ehr. and Duj.). 



1. B. termo, Duj., Vibrio lineola, Ehr. in 

 part. Colourless, twice to five times as long 

 as broad, slightly swollen in the middle, com- 

 posed of one or two joints ; length 1-9000" 



Fig. 51. 



to 1-12,000"; breadth 1-12,000" to 1-50,000". 

 Placed by Ehrenberg with his Vibrio lineola, 

 Ehr. (PI. 3. fig. 17 a). 



One of the earliest organisms appearing in 

 decaying and putrifying animal and vegetable 

 matters. 



2. B. catenula, Duj. Filiform, colourless, 

 frequently three to five joints ; total length, 

 1-1250"; joints, 1-7000" to 1-6000" long, 

 1-60,800" broad (PI. 3. fig. 17 b}. 



Probably only a degree of development of 

 Vibrio bacillus. 



3. B. punctum, Ehr. Ovoid-elongate, 

 colourless, movement slow, vacillating, often 

 in twos; length 1-5000"; breadth 1-18,000" 

 (PI. 3. fig. 17 c). 



4. B. triloculare, Ehr. Oval, two to five 

 times longer than broad, with from three to 

 six joints ; length 1-2000'' to 1-5000'' 

 breadth 1-12,000" to 1-10,000". 



BIBL. Ehrenberg, In/us.; Dujardin, Infus. 



BACTRIDIUM, Kunze.-A genus of 

 Melanconiei (Coniomycetous Fungi); micro- 

 scopic plants of tufted habit, growing upon 

 decaying wood, old bark, &c.; 

 white at first but coloured 

 subsequently by the effusion 

 of the grumous contents of 

 the spores. One species 

 recorded as British : 



B. atrovirens, Berk. Spo- 

 ridia 1- to 2-septate, dark 

 green. Winter. 



B.candidum, Kunz. (fig. 51 ), 

 is a German species. 



BIBL. Berkeley, Brit. Flora, ii. pt. 2. 

 p. 350; Kunze, My col. Heft i. pi. 1. fio-. 2 

 pi. 2. figs. 20 and 21 ; Nees, Nova Acta, ix. 

 pi. 1. fig. 3. pi. 2. fig. 21. 



BADHAMIA, Berk. A genus of Myxo- 

 gastres (Gasteromycetous Fungi), consisting 

 of little yellow sacs growing in patches on 

 decayed oak-branches, &c. ; allied to Physa- 

 rum, but remarkable for the spores, at first 

 enclosed in a common sac, adhering clusters. 

 Filaments of the capillitium broad. 



BIBL. Berk. Linn. Trans, xxi. 152. pi. 19 



B^OMYCES, Pers. A genus of Leci- 

 dineae (Gymnocarpous Lichens), growing on 

 the ground or old walls, &c. 



B. roseus, Pers. Engl. Botany, t. 374 ; 

 Schaerer, Enum. Critic, pi. 6. fig. 6. 



BIBL. Hooker, Brit. Flora, ii. pt. 1. p. 141 ; 

 Schaerer, Enum. Crit. Lick. Eur. p. 182. 



BALSAM (Canada). The liquid resin of 

 the Pinus Balsamea. Tins is the ordinarily 

 used and best medium for the preservation 

 of dry transparent objects. The more colour- 



Bactridium can- 



didum. 



Magnified 200 



diameters. 



