CALCIUM. 



[ 105 ] 



CALLIDINA. 



9. Puccinia. Pseudo-stroma obsolete, 

 spores adherent, stalked, bilocular by a trans- 

 verse septum. 



10. Uredo. Pseudo-stroma pulvinate, 

 spores globular, simple, stalked, without 

 paraphyses. 



11. Podisoma. Stroma a clavate mass of 

 agglutinate filaments, bearing uniseptate 

 (sometimes 3- to 5-septate) spores. 



12. Gymnosporangium. Stroma a soft, ge- 

 latinous, evanescent, expanded mass of fila- 

 ments bearing uniseptate stalked spores. 



13. Polycystis. Spores on the substance 

 of the mature plant, globose, vesicular, single, 

 stalked on branched filaments. 



14. Thecaphora. Spores of two forms, 

 variously shaped, conglomerated, scarcely 

 separating, in an evanescent ascus. 



15. Tilletia. Spore globose, simple, on a 

 filiform pedicel. 



16. Protomyces. Spores simple, without 

 a pedicel, scattered without order in the 

 intercellular passages of plants. 



BIBL. Fries, Summa Veget. p. 509 ; Le- 

 veille, Ann. des Sc. nat. 3 ser. viii. 369 ; 

 Tulasne, ibid. vii. 12; Comptes Rendus, 1854; 

 Ann. Nat. Hist. 2 ser. 14. 76; De Bary, 

 Brandpilze, Berlin, 1853; Berkeley and 

 Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist. 2 ser. v. 460; 

 Unger, Exantheme. 



CALCIUM, CHLORIDE OF. This salt 

 may be prepared by adding excess of pre- 

 pared chalk to dilute muriatic acid, boiling 

 and filtering the solution, and then evapora- 

 ting it to dryness. The crystals belong to 

 the rhombohedric system, and are deliques- 

 cent. 



An aqueous solution of chloride of calcium 

 is of great service in microscopic researches, 

 as objects which have been immersed in, or 

 moistened with it, do not become dry at 

 ordinary temperatures. Hence if a drop of 

 the solution be added to an object covered 

 with thin glass, and excluded from dust, it 

 may be preserved without the use of a 

 cement to enclose it in a cell (see PRESER- 

 VATION). Its use in determining the pre- 

 sence of cell-membranes has been already 

 alluded to (INTRODUCTION, p. xxxv. 4). 

 When employed for this purpose, its action 

 must always be controlled by the action of 

 water, crushing, &c. 



The strength of the solution may be about 

 one part of salt to two of water, or a saturated 

 solution may be used ; it should be kept in 

 one of the test-bottles (!NTROD. p. xxiii), 

 with a lump of camphor floating on its 

 surface. 



It frequently happens that the solution in 

 which objects have been immersed (on a 

 slide), exhibits crystals. These usually 

 consist of either the chloride itself, the sul- 

 phate or the phosphate of lime, the two 

 latter formed from the alkaline salts derived 

 from the object. 



CALCULI. See CONCRETIONS. 



CALEPTERYX, Linn A genus of Neu- 

 ropterous Insects, belonging to the family 

 LIBELLULID.E, which see. 



CALIA, Werneck. A genus of Polygas- 

 tric Infusoria, according to Ehrenberg's 

 system. 



Char. Monads included in jelly (Pando- 

 rince) fixed to aquatic plants, not swimming 

 free. 2 species. 



BIBL. Werneck, Ber. d. Berl Akad. 1841. 

 p. 377. 



CALIGUS, Miiller. A genus of Crusta- 

 cea, of the order Siphonostoma, and family 

 Caligina (Caligidce}. 



Char. Head in the form of a large buckler, 

 having anteriorly large frontal plates, which 

 are furnished with a small suctorial disk or 

 lunule on the under surface of each lateral 

 portion; antenna small, flat and two-jointed ; 

 thorax with only two distinct articulations, 

 thoracic segments uncovered ; second pair of 

 foot-jaws two-jointed and not in the form of 

 a suctorial disk ; legs four pairs with long 

 plumose hairs, fourth pair slender, of only 

 one branch and serving for walking. 



Four species. Found upon the brill, cod, 

 mackerel, plaice, trout, &c. ; length 1-5" to 



BIBL. Baird, Brit. Entomos. pp. 256 and 

 269. 



CALLIDINA, Ehr. A. genus of Rota- 

 toria, of the family Philodinsea. 



Char. Eye-spots absent ; a proboscis and 

 a foot with horn-like processes. 



The rotatory organ is double, but not 

 furnished with a stalk; proboscis also cili- 

 ated; foot elongate, forked, and with four 

 accessory horn-like processes, hence with 

 six points altogether; teeth small and nume- 

 rous (two only in each jaw in one species, 

 Gosse). Aquatic. 



1. C. elegans, Ehr. (PI. 34. fig. 10). Cry- 

 stalline; length 1-70". (PI. 34. fig. 1 1, teeth.) 



2. C. rediviva, Ehr. Granular or fleshy, 

 ova red; length 1-70". 



3. C. bidens, Gosse. Teeth two in each 

 jaw; length 1-45". 



4. C. constricta, Duj. Rotatory organ 

 constricted; length 1-50". 



BIBL. Ehrenb. Infus. p. 482; Dujardin, 



