CALLITHAMNION. 



[ 106 ] 



CALYPOGEIA. 



Infus. p. 655; Pritchard, Infus. Animalc. 

 p. 664 ; Gosse, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1851. viii. 

 p. 202. 



CALLITHAMNION, Lyngb. A genus 

 of Ceramiaceae (Florideous Algae), containing 

 a large number of species, some common, 

 many rare. In the smaller species the 

 structure is very simple, the branched 

 feathery fronds being composed of single 

 rows of tubular cells ; in the larger species 

 the stem and larger branches are strength- 

 ened by external filaments, which grow over 

 the original axis, apparently originating at 

 the base of the upper branches and growing 

 down (somewhat as in Batrachospermum). 

 Antheridia have been observed in C. Borreri 

 and C. corymbosum, collected in tufts on the 

 ultimate branches. The favellce are naked, 

 and the tetraspores are tetrahedrally arranged. 



BIBL. Harvey, Br. Mar. Alga, pi. 23 A. ; 

 Phyc. Brit. pi. 272. 230. 159, &c. ; Thuret, 

 Ann. des Sc. not. 3 ser. xvi. p. 16. pi. 4; 

 Nageli, Algen-systeme, 198. pi. 6. 



CALOTHRIX, Ag. A genus of Fig. 99. 

 Oscillatorieae (Confervoid Algae), 

 growing in tufts, the filaments 

 forming a branched frond by lying 

 in apposition and being concreted 

 by their sheaths here and there. 

 C. mirabilis, Ag. (PI. 4. fig. 22), 

 is. a rare freshwater species in 

 England, found on mosses in small 

 streams, aeruginous green, growing 

 blackish. Diameter of the filaments 

 about 1-1200" to 1-1800". Accord- 

 ing to Hassall, C. atroviridis, Harv. 

 is not distinct. 



Fig. 99 illustrates the close an- 

 nulations on the filaments of this 

 genus; the nature of this annulated 

 structure will be treated more par- calothrix 

 ticularly under the head of OSCIL- Tomasi- 



LATORIEJE. 



BIBL. Hassall, Freshw. Conferva, 

 243. pi. 69. 1; Kiitzing, Tab. Phyc. filament. 

 cent. ii. pi. 29. ii. ; Dillwyn, Brit. ^JgjJJ^ 

 Conferva (C. mirabilis), pi. 96. 



CALYCIE^E. AfamilyofGymnocarpous 

 Lichens characterized by their circular or 

 globular, more or less stalked apothecia, 

 furnished with special excipulum and filled 

 with a compact pulverulent mass. Br. genus 

 CALYCIUM. 



CALYCIUM, Ach. A genus of Calycieae 

 (Gymnocarpous Lichens), containing a large 

 number of species, growing upon bark, old 

 palings or epiphytically on other Lichens 

 (C. sessile). The spermatia produced in the 



niana. 

 Fragment 



spermagonia are stick-shaped and curved; 

 the spores are double and produced, six or 

 eight in each long tubular theca. 



BIBL. Hook. Br. FL ii.pt. 1. 142; Engl. 

 Botany, pi. 810. 2520. 1832, &c. ; Tulasne, 

 Ann. des Sc. nat. 3 ser. xvii. 209. pi. 15. 

 figs. 15-20. 



CALYMPERACE^. A tribe of Pottioid 

 Mosses, containing one British genus : 



1. Encalypta. Calyptra long, cylindrically 

 bell-shaped, narrow above on account of the 

 clavellate operculum, surpassing the capsule, 

 firm, entire, torn or ciliated below (fig. 101). 



Fig. 100. 



Fig. 102. 



Fig. 101. 



Fig. 100. Encalypta vulgaris . Peristome. 



Fig. 101. E. ciliata. Calyptra. 



Fig. 102. E. streptocarpa. Fragment of peristome. 



Peristome absent, simple (fig. 100) or double 

 (fig. 102). External : sixteen lanceolate or 

 long-subulate, ciliiform teeth, mostly w r ith a 

 longitudinal line, reddish, rugulose. Internal : 

 a delicate membrane agglutinate to the teeth, 

 produced into cilia opposite or alternating 

 with the teeth. 



CALYPOGEIA, Raddi. A genus of Jun- 

 germannieae (Hepaticaceae), founded on Jun- 

 germannia Trichomanis, Dicks. The leaves 

 have a peculiar glaucous hue ; the sporange 

 is spirally twisted. Gemmae are produced at 

 the extremities of leafless prolongations of 

 the stem. 



BIBL. Hooker, Brit. Jungermanniea, pi. 

 79; Eng. Botany, 1728. 



