COLEOSPORIUM. 



[ 154 ] 



COLEPINA. 



is very obscure; it is best seen by drying the 

 specimens. The plants are reproduced 

 by zoospores and by spores. The former 

 are produced singly in the cells, from the 

 whole contents, bear two cilia, and break 

 out at the back of the cell in C. scutata, 

 from the side in C. pulvinata. The (resting) 

 spores are formed in cells near the margin, in 

 penultimate cells of the radiating filaments, 

 on the back, therefore, in C. scutata, at the 

 ends of the branches in C. pulvinata. A 

 curious process is described by Al. Braun, 

 as occurring in connexion with this in C. pul- 

 vinata : the cell about to become a sporange 

 enlarges, and while its contents become 

 converted into 5 to 8 resting spores,it acquires 

 a kind of cellular coat, through growth of 

 cellular branchletsfrom the preceding and the 

 surrounding cells, which branchlets meet and 

 enclose it. The bodies figured in the cut 

 (fig. 135) occur on the backs of the fronds, 

 according to De Brebisson, but he does not 

 state how they originate, perhaps they are 

 germinating zoospores which have come to 

 rest in this situation ; the young plant (fig. 

 136) appears to be formed from these by 

 cell-division. 



C. scutata, De Breb. (Phyllactidium, 

 Kiitz., Phyc. gen.) (fig. 134). Fronds dis- 

 coid, sporanges on the back. On aquatic 

 plants, &c., common (?). A variety, /3 soluta, 

 occurs with the radiating filaments more or 

 less free. 



C. pulvinata, A. Braun. Fronds com- 

 posed of tufted-branched, radiant, free fila- 

 ments, sporanges globose, at the ends of the 

 filaments. Chcetophora tuberculata, C. Mull, 

 according to Kiitzing. (This has not yet 

 been detected in Britain.) 



BIBL. De Brebisson, Ann.des Sc.nat. 3ser. 



1. p. 29. pi. 2; Ralfs, Ann. Nat. Hist. xvi. 



p. 309. pi. 



pi. 77; Al. Braun, Rejuvenescence, Ray Soc. 



10; Hass. Brit. Fr. Alg. 217- 



Vol. 1853, passim; Kiitzing, Species Alg. 

 424 ; Miiller, Regensb. " Flora," xxv. B. ii. 

 p. 513. pi. 3. 1842. 



COLEOSPORIUM, Leveille'. A genus 

 of Caeomacei (Coniomycetous Fungi), sepa- 

 rated by some authors from Uredo, but at 

 present not clearly shown to be distinct and 

 independentplants(seeUBEDo). Thesefungi, 

 which may be well observed in C. Senecionis, 

 Schlecht., and other common species, appear 

 as yellow, reddish or brownish pulveru- 

 lent spots upon the leaves of living plants. 

 Their mycelium, creeping in the intercellular 

 tissues of the plants upon which they are 

 parasitic, consists or delicate branched fila- 



ments, which collect together at certain 

 points, become interwoven, at the same time 

 acquiring orange or yellow cell-contents, so 

 as to form a flat cushion-like body (clinode 

 or stroma}. From this arise vertical or 

 radiating, branched, club-shaped, sac-like 

 prolongations of some of the filaments, which 

 club-shaped sacs or tubes become the spo- 

 rangia ; the oldest are found in the centre, 

 the youngest at the circumference of the 

 group. The club-shaped sporanges, filled 

 with yellow or brown contents, become firmly 

 coherent laterally (at this stage they consti- 

 tute Uredo tremellosa). The first spore is 

 formed near the summit of the clavate spo- 

 range, leaving a little clear space at the tip ; 

 then a second spore below the first, and so 

 on to a third and fourth, occasionally to 

 a fifth; these increase in size so as to conceal 

 the existence of the sac in which they are 

 contained ; only the tips of all the laterally 

 coherent sacs or sporanges, left empty in 

 the spore-formation, form by their union a 

 transparent layer, presenting, when seen 

 from above, somewhat the appearance of the 

 corneae of the compound eye of an insect. 

 This lamella is burst open, with the epider- 

 mis of the infected plant, and the spores, 

 which grow into oval and globular forms, 

 become detached from one another and lie 

 loose, forming the yellow, red or brown 

 pulverulent spots above alluded to. The 

 spores have a granular cuticle and their coat 

 is double. British species (we cannot find 

 distinctive characters) : 



1. C. synantherarum, Fries. On Colt's- 

 foot, &c., common. Ur. compransor, Schlecht, 

 (in part) ; U. tussilaginis, Pers. 



2. C. senecionis, Fr. On Groundsel, com- 

 mon. U. senecionis, Schlecht. 



3. C. campanulacearum, Lev. On Cam- 

 panula. U. campanula, Pers. 



4. C. rhinanthacearum, Lev. On Eu- 

 phrasia, &c. U. rhinanthacearum, D.C. 



5. C. pulsatillarum, Fr. U. pulsatillarum, 

 Strauss. 



6. C. pinguis, Lev. On leaves, &c. of 

 roses, common. U. effusa, Strauss; Grev. 

 Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 19. 



BIBL. Leveille, Ann. des Sc-. nat. 3 ser. 

 viii. 369; De Bary, Brandpilze, Berlin, 1853, 

 p. 24. pi. 2; Fries, Summa Veget. p. 512; 

 Berk, in Hook. Br. Fl. ii. pt. 2. 377-9, &c. 



COLEPINA, Ehr. A family of Infusoria. 



Char. Carapace barrel-shaped, traversed 

 longitudinally or transversely, or both, by 

 furrows, between which are situated minute 

 vibratile cilia ; truncate, and either smooth 



