CONJUNCTIVA. 



CORALLINES. 



Animals. Kolliker, Siebold and Kolliker's 

 Zeitschr. i. pp. 1. 198 (Quarterly Journal of 

 Microscopic Science, i. p. 98) ; Siebold, Sieb. 

 and Kolliker's Zeitschr. i. p. 270. iii. p. 62 ; 

 Stein, ,Die Infusionsthiere, 1854; Wiegmann' 's 

 Archiv, 1849. p. 147; Nordmann, Mikr. 

 Beitrdge, Sfc. Heft i. p. 56; Allen Thompson, 

 Todd's Cyclop, art. Ovum. 



CONJUNCTIVA. See EYE. 



CONOCEPHALUS, Hill. See FEGA- 



TELLA. 



CONOCHILUS, Ehr. A genus of Ro- 

 tatoria, of the family CEcistina. 



Char. Animals aggregated around a cen- 

 tral gelatinous nucleus, and forming a re- 

 volving sphere ; two persistent frontal eye- 

 spots. 



From ten to forty in each sphere. The 

 nucleus is sometimes green, from the pre- 

 sence of parasitic monads. Four thick co- 

 nical papillae arise from the middle of the 

 frontal surface, eachhaving abristle at its apex. 



C. volvox (PI. 34. figs. 15-17). Carapace 

 and body white, gelatinous, and hyaline; 

 length 1-60", breadth of sphere 1-8". Aquatic. 



BIBL. Ehr. Infus. p. 393. 



CONOSTOMUM, Sw. A genus of Bar- 

 tramiaceous Mosses, with one British spe- 

 cies : Conostomum boreale, Sw. 



COPPER. Crystals of metallic copper 

 exist in artificial AVANTURINE. The 

 acetate of copper is noticed under ACETIC 

 ACID. 



CORAL. A term applied in general to 

 the calcareous polypidom or skeleton of Po- 

 lypes or Zoophytes, and in particular to that 

 of CORALLIUM. 



CORALLINA, Linn. A genus of Coral- 

 Fig. 140. Fig. 141. 



Corallina officinalis. 



Fig. 140. A branch of the frond. Natural size. 



Fig. 141. A section of the end of a branch terminating 

 in a ceramidium, containing spores. Magnified 10 dia- 

 meters. 



linaceae (Florideous Algae), of stony charac- 

 ter, looking like corals. The common spe- 

 cies, C. officinalis, grows everywhere between 

 tide-marks, on rocks, &c., and presents a 

 branched, mostly pinnate tuft of articulated 

 filaments evenly coated with carbonate of 

 lime. The spores are borne in tufts in cera- 

 midia (fig. 141 ), usually at the apices of the 

 branches (being the last joints transformed), 

 or they occur laterally (fig. 140), sometimes 

 in pairs and sometimes irregularly over the 

 whole frond ; they open by a small terminal 

 pore (fig. 141). 



The structure may be examined in these 

 plants by keeping them for some time in 

 vinegar or dilute muriatic acid, which will 

 remove the lime and allow of the substance 

 being sliced in the same way as other Algae. 



BIBL. Harvey, Br. Mar. Alg. pi. 13 C.; 

 Phyc. Brit. pi. 222 ; Decaisne, Ann. des Sc. 

 nat. ser. 2. xvii. pi. 17. fig. 1. xviii. p. 119. 



CORALLINACE^. A family of Flori- 

 deae. Rigid, articulated, or crustaceous, 

 mostly calcareous sea-weeds, purple when 

 fresh, fading, on exposure, to milk-white; 

 composed of closely-packed elongated cells 

 or filaments, in which carbonate of lime is 

 deposited in an organized form. Tetraspores 

 tufted, contained in ovate or spherical con- 

 ceptacles (ceramidia, Harvey), furnished with 

 a terminal pore. British genera : 



* Frond filiform, articulated (Corallineae). 



I. Corallina. Frond pinnated. Ceramidia 

 terminal, simple. 



II. Jania. Frond dichotomous. Cera- 

 midia tipped with two horn-like ramuli. 



** Frond crust aceous or foliaceous, opake, 

 not articulated (Nulliporese). 



III. Melobesia. Frond stony, forming 

 either a crustaceous expansion, or a folia- 

 ceous or a shrub- like body. 



IV. Hildebrandtia. Frond cartilaginous, 

 not stony, forming a crustaceous expan- 

 sion. 



*** Frond plane, hyaline, composed of cells 

 radiating from a centre. Fructification 

 unknown (Lithocysteae). 



V. Lithocystis (a minute parasite). 



CORALLINES. The Corallinacese, a 

 family of Algae, were formerly imagined to 

 be of animal nature, and were classed among 

 the Zoophytes. On the other hand, Ellis 

 applied the term Coralline more extensively, 

 including under it Bryozoa, and Sertularian 



