CORALLIUM. 



[ 169 ] 



CORN. 



and similar Zoophytes (Polypes) ; the name 

 is still often vulgarly used in this sense. 

 Dr. Johnston (Brit. Sponges and Litho- 

 phytes) properly restricts the term to the 

 family to which the genus Corallina gives 

 the name. See CORALLINACE^ and PO- 

 LYPI. 



CORALLIUM, Lam. A genus of Po- 

 5, of the order Anthozoa. 



red coral of commerce is the internal 

 skeleton of the Corallium rubrum, Lam. 

 (Isis nobilis, Lin.) (PI. 33. fig. 6 c). A por- 

 tion of the dried animal matter is usually 

 found adhering to its surface, and contains 

 abundance of spicula (PI. 33. fig. 7). 



The furrows seen upon the outer surface 

 of unprepared coral, are the impressions of 

 vessels which traverse the cortical substance 

 and form a medium of communication be- 

 tween the various polypes. 



The structure of coral is rather obscure. 

 The transverse section (PL 33. fig. 8 ) ex- 

 hibits somewhat undefined lines, some of 

 which are semiconcentric with the marginal 

 furrows, and appear to be lines of growth ; 

 these are intersected by darker and narrower 

 lines, apparently canals. The orifices of 

 larger canals are also visible. The longitu- 

 dinal section (PL 33. fig. 8 b) exhibits longi- 

 tudinal lines, probably those of growth, with 

 an indistinct intermediate structure. When 

 treated with acid, the residue is soft and 

 easily folded so as to produce a lined appear- 

 ance ; and in parts the organic skeletons of 

 spicula may be distinguished. Hence it 

 probably consists of spicula, aggregated and 

 ultimately consolidated, so that their struc- 

 ture is no longer distinguishable. 



BIBL. Cuvier, Regne Animal, dateless ed. 

 (1853?), Zoophytes, pi. 80. 



CORDYCEPS, Fries. See SPH^ERIA 

 and CLAVICEPS. 



CORDYLOPHORA, Allman. A genus 

 of Polypes, of the order Anthozoa. Aquatic. 



Char. Polypidom horny, branched, rooted 

 by a creeping tubular fibre; branches tubular; 

 polypes existing at the extremities of the 

 branches, ovoid, the mouth at the distal 

 extremity, and furnished with scattered fili- 

 form tentacula. 



C. lacustris, the only species. 



BIBL, Allman, Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. p. 

 330; Johnston, Brit. Zoophytes, p. 44. 



COREMIUM, Link. A genus of Muce- 

 dines (Hyphomycetous Fungi), perhaps not 

 really distinct from Penicillium, but differing 

 from the characteristic form of that genus in 

 having the erect fertile filaments compacted 



into a kind of cellular pedicle to bear the 

 Fig. 142. 



Coremium niveum, Corda. 

 Magnified 200 diameters. 



strings of spores (fig. 142). Brit, species : 



C. leucopus, Pers. Filaments white, 

 spores green. Not uncommon on decaying 

 fruits, &c. Floccaria glauca, Grev. Sc. Crypt. 

 Fl. t. 301. Penicillium crustaceum /3, Fries. 



C. candidum, Nees. Filaments and 

 spores white. On decaying substances. 

 Penicillium candidum j3, Fries. 



BIBL. Hook. Brit. Fl. v. pt. 2. 344 ; 

 Fries, Syst. My col. iii. 408 ; Greville, loc.cit.; 

 Corda, Icones Fung. ii. pi. 11. fig. 73; Pracht- 

 flora, pi. 25. 



CORK. Ordinarily the outer layer of 

 bark of the Cork Oak (Quercus Suber), for 

 the development of which, see BARK. Ho- 

 rizontal and transverse sections of the large 

 light-coloured cells of cork are shown in 

 PL 38. figs. 16 & 17. The term cork is 

 applied generally to excessive developments 

 of the suberous layer of barks. 



CORN. The general name applied to 

 the seeds, or rather the fruits of the various 

 plants furnishing the ordinary materials for 

 bread. These all belong to the Monocoty- 

 ledonous family, Graminacea3 (Grasses), for 

 Buck-wheats cannot be considered as true 

 corns. The grains of the Grasses are enve- 

 loped in the adherent pericarp, which is dry 

 and smooth ; the seed which this encloses is 

 characterized by the presence of a compara- 

 tively large mealy albumen, composed of 

 thin- walled parenchyma, more or less densely 



