COTTON. 



[ 172 ] 



CRIBRARIA. 



COTTON. The hairs from the epidermis 

 of the seeds of various species of Gossypium 

 (Malvaceae, Dicotyledons). These hairs are 

 readily distinguished, under the microscope, 

 from the various textile fibres consisting of 

 liber structures. From the absence of the 

 regular thickening layers, the cells of the 

 cotton-hairs become collapsed when dry, 

 appearing like a flat band with thickened 

 borders, while liber-cells of all kinds remain 

 cylindrical, and taper to a point at each end 

 (PI. 21. fig. 1). See FIBROUS STRUC- 

 TURES). 



COVERS. See INTRODUCTION, p. xxi. 



CRASPEDODISCUS, E. A genus of 

 Diatomaceae. Fossil. 



C. coscinodiscus, J?i.=:Pyxidicula coscino- 

 discus, E.= Coscinodiscus pyxidicula, Kg. 



C. elegans, E. = Coscinodiscus craspedo- 

 discus, Kg. 



BIBL. Ehr. Ber. d. Berl. Ak. 1844. p. 

 261-266; Kiitzing, Sp.Alg. p. 126. 



CRATERIUM, Trent. A genus of Myxo- 

 gastres (Gasteromycetous Fungi), consisting 

 of minute yellow or brown cup-like bodies, 

 of papery consistence, closed by a deciduous 

 operculum (fig. 144), arising from an evanes- 



Fig. 144. 



cent filamentous 

 mycelium, grow- 

 ing over moss, 

 leaves, bark, &c. 

 Most of the spe- 

 cies are common. 

 The black spores 

 contained within 



these Cups are Craterium pyriforme. 



intermixed with Magnified 10 diameters. 



crowded, obscurely articulated filaments 

 (destitute of spiral fibres), which do not 

 anastomose, and are at length erect. Five 

 species are described as British. 



BIBL. Hook. Brit. Fl. v. pt. 2. p. 316; 

 Sowerby, Fungi, t. 239 (C. minutum, as 

 Cyathus minutus). 



CREATINEor KREATINE. Occurs in 

 the juice of the flesh of Mammals, Birds, 

 Amphibia and Fishes ; also in human urine. 

 It crystallizes from an aqueous solution in 

 transparent, highly refractive, oblique rhom- 

 bic prisms and needles (PI. 7- fig- 22) belong- 

 ing to the oblique rhombic prismatic 

 system. 



BIBL. See CHEMISTRY, Animal (Leh- 

 mann, Gorup-Besanez, Funke). 



CREATININE or KREATININE. 

 Occurs in the juice of the flesh of Man and 

 Mammals ; probably in the amniotic liquid ; 

 also in human urine. The crystals form 



colourless prisms belonging to the oblique 

 rhombic prismatic system (PI. /. fig- 23). 



Creatinine forms a crystalline compound 

 with chloride of zinc (PI. 7- fig- 24). This 

 is very difficultly soluble in water, and not 

 at all in alcohol or aether. 



BIBL. See CREATINE. 



CREMIDARIA, Presl. A genus of Cya- 



Fig. 145. 



Fig. 146. 



Cremidaria horrida. 



Fig. 145. Fragment of a pinnule, the son covered by 

 indusia. Magnified 5 diameters. 



Fig. 146. A sorus with indusium destroyed. 



Fig. 147. The same, side view, showing the fragment 

 of the indusium at the base. 



Fig. 148. Vertical section of a sorus. 



Figs. 146-8 magnified 25 diameters. 



thaeese (Polypodiaceous Ferns), with an in- 

 dusium bursting irregularly, and leaving the 

 numerous sporanges almost bare. Exotic. 



CRIBRARIA, Schrad. A genus of Myxo- 

 gastres (Gasteromycetous Fungi), consisting 

 of minute stalked capsules growing upon rot- 

 ten wood, &c. The capsules (peridia) are 

 membranous ; the upper part falls or decays 

 off when the spores are mature, and the 

 anastomosing filaments (capillitium) which 

 are contained in the interior rise out and 

 form a persistent spherical cage or network 

 (fig. 150), from the meshes of which the 



Fig. 149. 



Cribraria aurantiaca. 

 Natural size. 



spores escape. The only species we find 



