FORAMINIFERA. 



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FOSSIL WOOD. 



arranged in a simple alternate series; 

 body jointed. 



Textularia or Textilaria. Aperture lateral, 

 not beaked, situated beneath the apex 

 (sublunate). 



T. aciculata. Shell smooth, longer than 

 broad ; joints oblong, oblique. 



T. aspera (PL 18. fig. 39, fragment of). 

 Shell rough on the surface, longer than 

 broad ; joints globose. 



T. globulosa(P\. 18. fig. 35). Shell smooth, 

 longer than broad ; joints globose. 



T. striata (PI. 18. fig. 34). Shell longi- 

 tudinally striated on the surface, longer than 

 broad ; joints globose. 



Fam. 4. UVELLTNA. Cells aggregated into 

 a spiral, which is conical, longer than 

 broad, and rarely diffonned or subglo- 

 bose; body jointed. 



Rosalina. Series of cells regularly spiral, 

 continuous; aperture simple (not closed 

 by a lid). 



R. IfBvigata (PL 18. fig. 37; 36, basal 

 view). Shell subglobose, surface very deli- 

 cately punctate ; joints globose, nodose. 



R. globularis. Differs from the last in the 

 lenticular and not subglobose form of the 

 shell. 



Fam. 5. ROTALINA. Cells aggregated into 

 a simple, depressed, discoidal or lenti- 

 cular spiral ; body jointed. 



Rotalia. Spiral visible on both sides, 

 somewhat oblique ; orifice slightly de- 

 current, not toothed. 



R. Beccarii (PL 18. figs. 1-6). Shell 

 large, shining, surface very delicately punc- 

 tate ; joints slightly prominent. 



R. globulosa (PL 18. figs. 40 a; 41, cell- 

 chambers containing air). Shell smooth, 

 surface entire ; joints globose, prominent. 



R. turgida (PL 18. fig. 38). Shell smooth, 

 margin obsoletely keeled ; joints not promi- 

 nent. 



R. perforata (PL 18. fig. 21, recent ; fig. 

 33, from chalk). Surface punctured; joints 

 globose, prominent. 



Operculina. Spiral flat, evident on both 

 sides; aperture transverse, cells com- 



Op. arabica, Carter (PL 18. fig. 22). Spi- 

 ral closed, forming three to four turns ; 

 siphonal apertures numerous, the largest 

 long, narrow, crescentic and arching over 

 the preceding whorl. 



Planulina. Spiral flattened, lenticular, 

 evident on one side only, margin not 

 spinous, orifice naked. 



Polysomatia. Numerous animals in each 



shell. 



a. Bodies single, and unjointed in each 

 chamber. 



Fam. 6. ASTERODISCINA. 

 Asterodiscus. 



Fam. 7. SORITINA. Orifices situated in one 

 plane, closed with a lid; shells flat, 

 discoidal. 



Sorites. Cells concentric, alternate. 



S. orliculus (PL 18. figs. 16-18). Shell 

 large, orbicular, membranaceo-plane, smooth, 

 cells bidentate at the base. 



/3. Bodies jointed and aggregated. 



Fam. 8. HELICOTROCHINA. Orifices mostly 

 situated on the inner side of the first 

 pair of cells ; spiral lenticular, closed or 

 embracing. 



Geoponus. Umbilical disk none. 



G. stella-borealis (PL 18. figs. 19; 20, 

 body freed from shell). Shells (compound) 

 not striated on the surface, smooth, deli- 

 cately punctate. 



See CHALK, LAGENA and RHIZOPODA. 



BIBL. D'Orbigny, Diet, universel d'Hist. 

 nat. 1845. v. and Foraminiferesfossiles, 1846; 

 Ehrenberg, Abhandl. d. Berl. Akad. 1838 

 and 1839, or Weaver's abstr., Ann. Nat. 

 Hist. 1841. vii. pp.296, 374; Dujardin, Ann. 

 d. Sc. nat. 1835. iv. and v.; Clark, Ann. Nat. 

 Hist. 1849. iii. 380, 1850. v. 161 ; William- 

 son, Trans. Micr. Soc. ii. and Micr. Journ. 

 i. ; Carpenter, Trans. Geol. Soc. 1849 ; 

 Carter, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852. x. 



FORMIC ACID, or acid of ants. This 

 acid occurs in ants, especially the red ant, 

 Formica rufa ; in the stinging hairs of some 

 insects, as of the procession-caterpillar (Bom- 

 byx processionaria) ; and the poisonous 

 secretion of the stings ; perhaps also in the 

 stinging organs of the Acalephae and Polypes. 

 In the higher animals it is a frequent pro- 

 duct of the oxidation of organic substances ; 

 it is also found in the juice of flesh, in 

 the urine, in vomited liquids, and in the 

 blood. 



See CHEMISTRY. 



FOSSIL INFUSORIA. The fossil valves 

 of the Diatomacea3 were formerly so called. 

 See DIATOMACE.E. 



FOSSIL WOOD. This occurs in very 



