MONADS. 



[ 430 ] 



MONORMIA. 



BIBL. Ehrenberg, Infus. p. 1 ; Dujardin, 

 Infus. p. 270. 



MONADS are species of Monas, or of 

 other genera of the family Monadina (Infu- 

 soria). 



MONAS, Mull. A genus of Infusoria, of 

 the family Monadina. 



Char. See MONADTNA. 



Ehrenberg describes many species, con- 

 sisting mostly of the zoospores or lower 

 forms of Algae, and the young or swarm- 

 germs of Infusoria. 



M. vinosd, E. Ovate, uniformly rounded at 

 each end, of a red-wine colour, motion slow 

 and tremulous. Length 1 -12,000 to 1-6000". 



Found upon the sides of glass vessels, in 

 which decaying vegetable matter has been 

 kept, on the side next the light. 



The characters of the genus given by Du- 

 jardin are : 



No integument ; form rounded or oblong, 

 variable ; no expansions ; flagelliform fila- 

 ment single ; motion slightly vacillating. 



Dujardin describes ten species, which 

 cannot be identified with those of Ehrenberg. 



M. lens, D. (PI. 24. fig. 44 a). Body 

 rounded or discoidal and tubercular. Breadth 

 1-5200 to 1-1800". 



One of the most common organisms in 

 animal and vegetable infusions. We have 

 found one common in animal infusions (PI. 

 24. fig. 44 b), perhaps the same as the 

 above, but it possesses usually two filaments ; 

 on the left side is one without filaments, but 

 with the body drawn out from adhesion to 

 the slide. 



M. attenuate D. (PI. 24. fig. 44 c). Body 

 ovoid, narrowed at the ends, nodular, un- 

 equal; filament arising from the anterior 

 narrowed portion. Length 1-1600". 



BIBL. Ehrenberg, Infus. p. 3 ; Dujardin, 

 Infus. p. 279. 



MONILIA, Hill. A genus of Mucedines 

 (Hyphomycetous Fungi). Under BRIAREA, 

 Corda (fig. 82. p. 99), it is stated that a di- 

 stinction exists between that genus and the 

 present, but they are really synonymous, and 

 the older name, that of Hill, should stand. 

 Another species, M. racemosa, Pers., should 

 be added to M. penicillata. 



MONOCERCA, Bory, Ehr. A genus of 

 Rotatoria, of the family Hydatinaea. 



Char. Eye red, single, cervical ; foot -like 

 tail simply styliform. 



Gosse mentions a second eye situated in 

 the breast of one (new) species. Ehrenberg 

 describes three species, to which Gosse adds 

 two. 



M. rattus, E. (PL 35. fig. 9). Body ovate- 

 oblong ; forehead truncate, unarmed ; foot 

 styliform, as long as the body. Aquatic. 

 Length 1-120". 



BIBL. Ehrenberg, Infus. p. 422; Gosse, 

 Ann. Nat. Hist. 1851. viii. p. 199. 



MONOCOTYLEDONS. One of the 

 classes of Angiospermous Flowering Plants, 

 so called from the structure of the embryo 

 contained in the seed, which in a large number 

 of cases is of microscopic dimensions, and 

 always requires the use of the simple micro- 

 scope for its dissection. Some of the fami- 

 lies placed under this head have usually an 

 acotyledonous embryo, as Orchidaceae, but 

 these possess the character of the class 



Fig. 465. 



Reduced view of a stem of a Palm, showing the perpen- 

 dicular and horizontal section in which the fibre-vascular 

 bundles F. V are seen isolated in the medullary paren- 

 chyma. 



in all other respects. Among the most 

 important of their other characters is the 

 isolated condition of the fibro-vascular 

 bundles forming the woody structures (see 

 TISSUES, VEGETABLE). This character, 

 mostly very evident both in perpendicular 

 and horizontal sections of the stems, is illus- 

 trated by figs. 460 & 465. 



MONOLABIS, Ehr.- A genus of Rota- 

 toria, of the family Philodinaea. 



Char. Eyes two, frontal, tail-like foot 

 with two toes ; horns absent. 



Two species. 



M. gracilis (PI. 35. fig. 10). Body slender, 

 no cervical process nor respiratory tube ; 

 teeth two in each jaw. Aquatic. Length 

 1-240 to 1-144". 



BIBL. Ehrenberg, Infus. p. 497. 



MONORMIA, Berkeley. A genus of 

 Nostochaceae (Confervoid Algae), distin- 



