MOSSES. 



[ 4S4 ] 



MOSSES. 



we have not space to enter into very mi- 

 nutely here ; it will suffice to state that the 

 lower part next the peduncle is sometimes 

 enlarged into a thickened mass, called the 



Fig. 478. 



Fig. 479. 



Fig. 478. Tayloria serrate. Dimidiate calyptra. 

 Magn. 25 diams. 



Fig. 479. F. hygrometrica. Section of young capsule, 

 showing the columella. Magn. 50 diams. 



apophysis ; sometimes the peduncle is very 

 long, sometimes very short (Phascum, fig. 

 482), so that the sporange is hidden in the 

 perichaete; finally, the mouth may either 



Fig. 480. 



Fig. 481. 



Fig. 480. Coscinodon pulvinatus. Fragment of peri- 

 stome. Magn. 100 diams. 



Fig. 481. Barbula flavipes. Fragment of peristome. 

 Magn. 100 diams. 



exhibit a smooth edge (fig. 483), or a single 

 (figs.480,481) or double (figs. 487, 488) fringe 

 of very variously constructed teeth, which are 



of great service in discriminating the genera. 

 When the mouth of the sporange is naked, 



Fig. 482. 



Fig. 483. 



Fig. 482. Phascum serratum. Sessile sporange en- 

 closed by few leaves. Magn. 15 diams. 



Fig. 483. Pottia truncate. Operculum separating 

 from the sporange. Magn. 10 diams. 



the Mosses are called gymnostomous, when 

 furnished with only a single row of teeth 

 aploperistomous, when with a double row 

 diploperistomous. When a double peristome 

 exists, the outer consists of teeth, the inner 

 of processes or cilia (fig. 487) or of both 

 (Brywri). The teeth sometimes arise di- 

 rectly from the mouth of the sporange, 



Fig. 484. 



Cinclidium arcticum. 



Part of double peristome, the inner processes united 

 into a plaited membrane in the centre. 



Magnified 100 diameters. 



sometimes are seated on a basal membrane, 

 sometimes connected together irrregularly 

 (FuN A RI A, fig. 263, p. 279), or by regular bars 

 (GUEMBELIA, fig. 205, p. 299), or the whole 

 of the inner circle may be conjoined entirely 



