MOSSES. 



[ 436 ] 



MOSSES. 



In the following arrangement of the 

 Mosses we follow C. Miiller, the ' Bryologia 

 Britannica* having appeared too late for us 

 to adopt its classification. The order Mus- 

 caceae is first divided into two sub-orders 

 according to the habit of growth : 



Fig. 490. 



Fig. 491.. 



Orthotrichum phyllanthum. 



Leaves with gemmae at the tips. 



Magnified 25 diameters. 



1. ACROCARPI. Mosses with the fruit- 

 stalk terminating the stem. 



Fig. 492. 



2. PLEUROCARPI. Mosses with the 

 fruit-stalk produced only from lateral buds. 



Synopsis of the Families. 

 ACROCARPI. 



* Schistocarpi. Capsule without a lid 

 (operculum), opening by longitudinal 

 fissures. 



I. ANDR^BACE^;. Capsule splitting into 

 four valves. 



** Cleistocarpi. Capsule without a lid, 

 bursting open irregularly. 



II. BRUCHIACE.E. Cells of the leaf 

 (areolation) parenchymatous, looser at the 

 base, not papillose, dense. 



III. PHASCACE^E. Areolation of the 

 leaf parenchymatous, dense, filled with chlo- 

 rophyll, more or less papillose. 



IV. EPHEMERE.E. Areolation of the 

 leaf parenchymatous, everywhere lax, not 

 papillose. 



* Stegocarpi. 

 A. Acrocarpi. 



Capsule bursting by a lid. 



Fruit terminal, or lateral 

 by subsequent budding at the sides. 



I. Distichophylla. Leaves arranged in 

 two straight rows. 



Fig. 494. 



Fig. 495. 



Hedwigia ciliata. 



Creeping filaments with tuber-like gemmae. 

 Fig. 492, magnified 50 diameters. Fig. 493, 20 diameters. 



Fig. 494. Orthotrichum Lyellii. Leaves with 

 marginal gemmae. Magnified 50 diams. 



Fig. 495. Aulocomnium undulatum. Gemmae 

 in the place of the capsule, Magn. 20 diams. 



