PHILODIN^A. 



[ 502 ] 



PHRAGMIDIUM. 



body is covered with soft setaceous pro- 

 cesses. 



BIBL. Ehrenberg, Infus. p. 498. 



PHILODINJEA, Ehr.-A family of Ro- 

 tatoria. 



Char. No sheath or carapace; rotatory 

 organs two, simple, resembling two wheels 

 when the cilia are in motion. 



The body is usually cylindrical, or some- 

 what spindle-shaped, contractile even so as 

 to form a ball. In certain states of exten- 

 sion it sometimes appears pointed in front, 

 from the presence of a proboscis ; in others 

 the two ciliated rotatory organs are pro- 

 truded. 



The animals are capable of swimming by 

 means of the cilia, or of creeping like a 

 leech, the ends of the body being alternately 

 fixed. The tail-like foot is often furnished 

 with horn-like lateral processes and terminal 

 toes. 



Ehrenberg distinguishes seven genera. 



A. Eyes absent. 



a. Proboscis and horn-like lateral pro- \ . ^ /.-j- 



cess on the foot present J 



/3. Proboscis and horn-like processes! 



absent / 



a. Rotatory organ stalked 2. Hydrias. 



b. Rotatory organ not stalked 3. Typhlina. 



B. Eyes present. 



Eyes two, frontal. 

 Foot with horn-like processes. 



Toes 2 4. Rotifer. 



Toes 3 5. Actinurus. 



Eyes two, cervical 7 Philodina. 



BIBL. Ehrenberg, Infus. p. 481. 



PHILOPTERUS, Nitzsch. A genus of 

 Anoplurous Insects, of the family Philopte- 

 ridse. 



Char. Antennae filiform, five-jointed; 

 maxillary palpi none; mouth with strong 

 toothed mandibles ; tarsi with two claws. 



The species are very numerous, and have 

 been arranged in six subgenera : Docophorus, 

 Nirmus, Goniocotes, Goniodes, Lipeurus and 

 Ornithobius. In some of them there are 

 two moveable organs (trabeculse) situated in 

 front of the antennae. 



They are the external parasites of birds. 



P. (Docophorus) communis (PL 28. fig. 5). 

 Chestnut-coloured, shining, with white hairs; 

 head triangular, elongate, anterior portion 

 much produced; trabeculae very large, 

 curved; posterior femora much incrassated 

 and toothed below. Length 1-16". 



Parasitic upon the Passerina or Insessores. 



BIBL. Denny, Anoplur. Monoor. p. 62. 



PHLYCTJ2NA, Desmaz. A genus of 

 Sphaeronemei(Coniomycetous Fungi), nearly 

 related to Septoria, differing in the absence 

 of a proper perithecium. P. vagabunda has 

 been found in Britain. 



BIBL. Berk, and Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist. 

 2nd ser. xiii. p. 460 ; Desmazieres, Ann. des 

 Sc. nat. 3 ser. viii. p. 16. 



PHLYCT^NIA, Kg. A genus of Dia- 

 tomaceae. 



Char. Frustules those of Navicula, en- 

 closed in gelatinous globular cells (masses?). 

 Marine. 



P. minuta. Cells 1-720 to 1-240" in dia- 

 meter ; length of frustules 1-1200 to 1-600". 



P. maritima (Frustulia mar., E.). 



BIBL. Kiitzing, Sp. Alg. p. 96; Ehren- 

 berg, Infus. p. 232. 



PHLYCTIDIUM, Not. See DISCOSIA. 



PHOMA, Fr. A genus of Sphseronemei 

 (Coniomycetous Fungi), which presents both 

 conidiferous and ascigerous forms. There 

 are numerous British species, forming small 

 black or brown pustules upon dead leaves, 

 twigs, &c. 



BIBL. Berk. Brit. Flor. ii. pt. 2. p. 285, 

 Ann. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 263, ser. 2. v. p. 368, 

 xiii. p. 459; Fries, Summa Veg.-p. 421. 



PHORMIDIUM, Kiitz. See OSCILLA- 



TORIA. 



PHORMIUM, Forst.P. tenax is the 

 name of the plant yielding New Zealand 

 Flax. It is a Monocotyledonous Flowering 

 Plant belonging to the order Liliaceae. 



PHRAGMICOMA, Dumort. A genus of 

 Jungermannieae (Hepaticacese), containing 

 one British species, P. MacJcaii (Jung. Mac- 

 kaii, Hook.), occurring rarely on trees and 

 rocks, especially on limestone. 



BIBL. Hook. Brit. Jung. p. 53 ; Ekart, 

 Syn. Jung. p. 59. pi. 9. fig. 72; Endlicher, 

 Gen. Plant. Suppl. i. 472-9. 



PHRAGMIDIUM, Ua.(Aregma, Fr.). A 

 genus of Caeomacei (Coniomycetous Fungi), 

 forming rusts very common on Rosaceous 



Fig. 570. 



Phragmidium bulbosum. 



Isolated basidium with four catenate spores. 



Magnified 100 diameters. 



plants. They appear upon living leaves, 



