SCHULTZE'S TEST. [ 568 ] 



SCYPHIDIA. 



BIBL. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 320, Tab. Phyc. 

 ii. pi. 40; Harvey, Brit. Mar. Alg. p. 223, 

 pi. 26 B, Phyc. Brit. pi. 190. 



SCHULTZE'S TEST. This was origin- 

 ally proposed by Pettenkofer as a test for 

 bile ; but Schultze found that it reacted also 

 with several other substances, and especially 

 the proteine-compounds. In this application 

 it is often of use in discriminating one kind 

 of tissue or substance from another. It 

 consists in treating the matter with strong 

 sulphuric acid, and then adding a little sy- 

 rup. The characteristic reaction is the pro- 

 duction of a purplish red colour. The best 

 method of proceeding is to wash the sub- 

 stance in question, then to moisten it with a 

 drop of syrup, and finally to add the acid. 



The tissues and substances affected by it 

 are, muscular tissue, both striated and 

 unstriated ; nerve-tubes and cells ; the cor- 

 puscles of blood, pus, and mucus ; epithelial 

 and epidermic scales; hairs; feathers; horn; 

 whalebone; and the cellular (cell-contents?) 

 portions of Fungi and Algae. 



Those in which the reaction is not pro- 

 duced are, areolar tissue, elastic tissue, 

 gelatine and chondrine, chitine, silk, cellu- 

 lose, gum, starch, and vegetable mucus. 



BIBL. Schultze, Liebig's Annalen, 1849, 

 abridged in the Chem. Gaz. viii. 98. 



SCHULZE'S TEST. This consists of a 

 solution of chloriodide of zinc, used as a test 

 for cellulose, which it colours blue. 



The original directions given for its pre- 

 paration are indefinite ; they are as follows : 

 dissolve zinc in muriatic acid, evaporate 

 the solution with excess of zinc until it ac- 

 quires the consistence of syrup, and dissolve 

 in this enough iodide of potassium to satu- 

 rate it ; iodine is then added, and the solu- 

 tion diluted with water if necessary. 



Radlkofer recommends zinc to be dis- 

 solved in muriatic acid, the solution to be 

 evaporated at a temperature but little above 

 that of boiling water, when a liquid of about 

 2*0 sp. gr. is obtained. This is diluted with 

 water until its sp. gr. is 1*8; if its original 

 sp. gr. was 2'0, 12 parts by weight of water 

 must be added to 100 parts of the solution. 

 In 100 parts of this liquid, 6 parts by weight 

 of iodide of potassium are to be dissolved at 

 a gentle heat, and the mixture heated with 

 excess of iodine until the latter is no longer 

 dissolved, and violet fumes become percep- 

 tible over the liquid. 



The reagent has the consistence of strong 

 sulphuric acid, and is pale yellowish-brown. 

 It must be kept in a well- stoppered bottle. 



BIBL. Schulze, Flora, 1850. p. 643; 

 Schacht, Das Mikroskop. 30 & 197 ; Radl- 

 kofer, Liebig's Annal. xciv. 332, or Chem. 

 Gaz. 1855. xiii. 372. 



SCLEROTICA. See EYE (p. 250). 



SCLEROTIUM, Tode. A large collec- 

 tion of fungoid structures were formerly 

 gathered together under this name, among 

 others the preparatory form of the ERGOT 

 fungus. They are all now regarded as con- 

 sisting of the mycelia of fungi in an imper- 

 fect state. The sclerotoid state exists when 

 the mycelium forms hard tubercular masses. 

 Analogous masses of mycelial structures 

 occur, in a pulpy condition, in the Vinegar- 

 plant; in a filamentous condition in those 

 fungi forming large masses of barren byssus, 

 &c. ; in other cases, as in some of the Myxo- 

 gastres, the structure is membranous. 



BIBL. Leveille, Ann. des Sc. nat. 2 ser. 

 xx. p. 218; Berkeley, Hort. Journal, iii. p. 

 97; Fries, Summa Veg. p. 477. 



SCOLOPENDRIE^E. A subtribe of Po- 

 lypodaeous Ferns with indusiate sori. 



I. SCOLOPENDRIUM. Sori linear, elon- 

 gated, opposite, the upper one on an inferior 

 venule, the lower on the next superior venule. 

 Indusia linear, flat, with the opposing mar- 

 gins free, contiguous or distant. Veins pin- 

 nate. 



II. ANTIGRAMMA. Sori linear, elongated, 

 opposite, the upper on an inferior venule, 

 the lower on the next superior venule. Indu- 

 sia linear, flat, with free margins, opposite 

 to each other, contiguous or distant. Veins 

 anastomosing into hexagonoid spots. 



III. CAMPTOSORUS. Sori linear, elon- 

 gated, opposite, the upper on an inferior 

 venule, the lower on the next superior venule. 

 Indusia linear, flat, with free margins op- 

 posite to each other, contiguous or distant. 

 Veins anastomosing, with free venules. 



SCOLOPENDRIUM, Smith, Hares- 

 tongue. A genus of Scolopendriea3 (Poly- 

 podaeous Ferns), represented by the indige- 

 nous species, Sc. vulgare (fig. 225, p. 259). 



SCURF, OF ANIMALS. Consists of ag- 

 gregations of dry and flattened epidermic 

 scales, sometimes containing globules of 

 fatty matter. 



SCYPHIDIA, Duj. Agenus of Infusoria, 

 of the family Vorticellina. 



Char. Body oblong or campanulate, nar- 

 rowed at the base, very contractile, covered 

 with a reticular integument. 



S. rugosa (PI. 24. fig. 74). Body with 

 oblique striae or rugae, not numerous. Aqua- 

 tic; length 1-550". 



