URINARY DEPOSITS. 



[ 664 ] 



UROCOCCUS. 



termining with certainty the composition of 

 the respective crystals. 



The urate of ammonia may be prepared 

 artificially by adding ammonia to a boiling 

 mixture of uric acid and water ; the urate of 

 lime by mixing urate of potash with chloride 

 of calcium ; the urate of soda by dissolving 

 uric acid in solution of soda ; and the urate 

 of magnesia by mixing solutions of sulphate 

 of magnesia and urate of potash. 



See URINARY DEPOSITS. 



BIBL. That of CHEMISTRY, Animal. 



URINARY DEPOSITS. We shall give 

 here a list of the deposits most commonly 

 occurring in the human urine, with the refer- 

 ences to the plates in which they are repre- 

 sented, and the articles in which they are 

 described. 



Since the publication of the important 

 paper by Vigla (L' 'Experience, 1839), in 

 which most of these deposits were first illus- 

 trated, the use of the microscope has con- 

 stantly been called in to aid in their detec- 

 tion. In regard to the pathological indica- 

 tions afforded by their presence, upon which 

 we cannot enter, it may be remarked that 

 most of the deposits are formed after the 

 evacuation of the urine. 



Uric acid. PL 8. figs. 1, 2 ; and Urates, 

 PL 8. figs. 11 c, d, e, 13 a, 14 a (URIC ACID 

 and URATES). 



Oxalate of lime. PL 9. figs. 9, 10, 1 1 , 12 

 (LiME, SALTS OF). The concretionary forms 

 of this salt (figs. 10, 11, 12) are more slowly 

 acted upon by reagents than simple, crystals. 



Ammonio-phosphate of magnesia. PL 9. 

 1, 2, 3, 4 (MAGNESIA, SALTS OF). 



Carbonate of lime. PL 9. fig. 8 (LiME, 

 SALTS OF). 



Cystic oxide. PL 9. fig. 5 (CYSTIC 

 OXIDE). 



Blood-corpuscles. PL 40. fig. 21, espe- 

 cially the form fig. 21 e (BLOOD). 



Mucous corpuscles. PL 1. fig. 5 (MOUTH, 

 p. 439). 



Pus-corpuscles. PL 30. figs. 4, 5 (Pus). 



Spermatozoa. PL 41. fig. 25 (SPERMA- 

 TOZOA). These are found in the urine of 

 the female for several days after connexion, 

 and we have detected them in the uterus 

 more than a fortnight after the same. 



Sarcina. PL 3. fig. 5 (SARCINA). 



Fungi. Penicillium (fig. 562, page 495, 

 PL 20. fig. 15) and Torula (PL 20. fig. 7). 

 The spores of Penicillium form the so-called 

 small organic globules. 



Casts of the tubuli uriniferi. The extreme 

 diameter of these is rather less than that of 



the tubules, but they are often much more 

 slender. They are cylindrical, generally 

 wavy, sometimes hollow, at others solid. 

 Some are very transparent, finely granular, 

 and are composed of fibrine ; others consist 

 entirely of, or contain imbedded in them 

 renal epithelial cells, with or without glo- 

 bules of fat, either free or within the cells ; 

 they sometimes also contain mucous and 

 pus- corpuscles, with blood-globules; some 

 of the epithelial cells occasionally contain 

 lithates. The epithelium of the bladder 

 agrees essentially in structure with that of 

 the pelvis of the kidney (KIDNEY, p. 375). 



BIBL. That of CHEMISTRY, Animal; 

 Lehmann, Phys. Chem. ; Bird, Urinary 

 Deposits; Schmidt, Versuch., SfC.; Griffith, 

 Urinary Deposits, and Med. Gaz. 1843. 



UROCENTRUM, Nitzsch, Ehr. A genus 

 of Infusoria, of the family Vorticellina. 



Char. Free, no pedicle ; tail awl-shaped ; 

 cilia absent from the body, but forming an 

 anterior crown ; mouth not spiral. 



U. turbo (PL 25. fig. 14). Body hyaline, 

 ovate, trilateral, tail one-third the length of 

 the body. Aquatic ; length 1-430 to 1-290". 



BIBL. Ehrenberg, Infus. 268. 



UROCOCCUS, HassalL A genus of 

 Palmellaceae (Confervoid Algse), remarkable 

 for the peduncular processes formed by the 

 gelatinous coats of the cells. The cells are 

 invested by a gelatinous coat or "membrane" 

 (like that of GL.EOCAPSA), which is origin- 

 ally simple, but new gelatinous layers are 

 successively produced on the immediate sur- 

 face of the cell-contents, and as each new 

 one is formed, the preceding layer is rup- 

 tured on one side and partially thrown off, 

 the cell with its new layer lying in the pre- 

 ceding layer as in a cup ; by the repetition 

 of this process, the cup-like exuviae accumu- 

 late, packed one within another so as to 

 form a peduncle, the structure of which may 

 be roughly compared to a pile of wooden 

 washing-bowls or tea-cups standing one in 

 another. When the cell-contents divide 

 into two portions, the peduncles bifurcate 

 (PL 3. fig. 7). The striae indicating the suc- 

 cessively shed coats are more or less distinct 

 in different species, and probably in different 

 conditions of the same. Several species are 

 named by Hassall, but no satisfactory di- 

 stinctive characters are given. The cell-con- 

 tents of four are blood-red. U. Hookerianus 

 is represented in PL 3. fig. 7 ; U. insignis is 

 very much larger; U. Allmanni and U. cry- 

 ptophila are much alike, and neither present 

 the striae. A green species is also described 



