218 UNORGANISED FLUIDS. 



constitution ; they will contain also a greater or less number 

 of fat globules. 



Urine containing casein in solution may be distinguished 

 from albuminous urine by the application of heat, which in 

 the latter will occasion a precipitate, none being formed in 

 the former, unless indeed a considerable quantity of nitric 

 acid be also present in the urine, when a temperature of 104 

 Fah. will be sufficient to occasion the precipitation of the 

 casein. 



It is not to be supposed by the use of the term milky urine, 

 that the milk, as such, ever exists in the urine, and that it 

 finds its way there from the mammary gland by metastasis ; 

 the utmost that is to be inferred from the existence of the 

 principal elements of milk in the urine is, that the kidney, 

 in place of the mammary gland, has separated those elements 

 from the blood. 



Excess of Mucus in the Urine. 



In catarrhus vesicce, an affection to which old persons are 

 particularly liable, mucus is secreted in considerable quanti- 

 ties, and is voided with the urine. 



This mucus subsides to the bottom of the vessel, is semi- 

 opaque, thick, and ropy ; examined with the microscope, mu- 

 cous corpuscles and epithelial scales are encountered in it. 



In those cases in which the urine is very alkaline, the 

 mucus is observed to be particularly tenacious and thready : 

 this condition results from the action of the free alkalies con- 

 tained in the urine upon the constitution of the mucus. 



Blood in the Urine. 



Blood is frequently contained in the urine and voided 

 with it ; thus it is frequently encountered, in greater or less 

 quantity, in the following cases, in inflammation of the kid- 

 neys, in injuries of those organs, or of the bladder itself, in 

 cases of stricture from the introduction of a catheter, from 

 the passage of renal or urinary calculi, and lastly, from chronic 

 disease of the kidneys and bladder. 



