GLANDS. 445 



It is very possible that the peculiar injection used by Mr. Bowman may 

 account for the fact which he mentions ; and this conjecture is rendered 

 extremely probable, as in the later stages of the disease, the Malpighian 

 tuft becomes pressed upon by the adipose accumulation within, and, 

 after undergoing compression, will permit the fluid used in the pro- 

 cess of double injection to pass through rather than yield and distend. 

 There are instances, again, in which the tufts are not enlarged, but appear 

 healthy, even in organs otherwise extensively diseased : but it is im- 

 portant to add that these tufts, both in the second and third stages, when 

 but slightly enlarged, or even not enlarged at all, will offer free passage 

 to the injection, on the most gentle pressure, without even distending the 

 whole of their vessels, and thus indicate their diseased condition. 



" An enlargement of the renal arteries and dilatation of their branches, 

 are also observable in this stage of the disorder. 



" The capsule of the corpus, too, is in this stage very greatly increased 

 in size, and during the process of injection becomes frequently filled with 

 the injection thrown into the arterial system. 



" The tubuli differ considerably from their healthy condition, being en- 

 larged to two or three times their natural size, and aggregated together 

 in masses, so as to lie in contact with each other, and form definite, 

 roundish bodies : they are also extremely convoluted with numerous 

 dilatations ; frequently they are varicose. At other times they present 

 distinct aneurismal sacs, which bulge out from one part of the wall of the 

 tube, to which they are attached by a small neck or pedicle. Occasionally, 

 some of the vessels of a convolution are smaller than the others, and their 

 size nearly natural. The tubuli in the masses are so closely packed that 

 the blood-vessels are evidently compressed, and rendered incapable of 

 admitting an injection. At times, a tube, even at some distance from the 

 corpus, becomes very convoluted and knotted into a mass. 



" Parenchyma. In cases where the kidney is much enlarged, the pa- 

 renchymatous cells will be found not merely increased in size, but adi- 

 pose deposition will be visible throughout them. 



" The Third Stage of the Disease. The kidneys are smaller than their 

 natural size ; hard, white granules are prominent on their surface, which 

 is more or less lobulated ; the capsule is adherent ; vesicles of large size 

 are frequently everywhere interspersed, and numbers of smaller ones stud 

 the whole surface. On making a section, the organ is found to be de- 

 prived of blood ; the cortical part contracted, the blood-vessels large and 

 their walls thick. 



"Arteries. The arteries are in a more contracted condition than that 

 described in the second stage; and the Malpighian tuft is often so 

 changed from its natural state, that the greater part of its vessels are 

 not capable of being injected. 



" The capsule of the corpus has assumed a more contracted appear- 

 ance. 



o o 2 



