12 



the general cultivation is described by Mr. Royer as being 

 melancholy, and, at a distance ftom the capital, very dif- 

 ferent from what the eulogies of authors had led him to 

 suppose. 



Bavaria. — In Bavaria we find an imposing array of in- 

 stitutions and means of instruction, specially provided for 

 the rural community, which are fitted to impress the superfi- 

 cial observer with a high idea of its agricultural condition. 

 As in Wurtemberg, there is a central school of agriculture. 

 There are also Chairs of Rural Economy in the Universities, 

 and more than twenty Chairs of Agriculture in the Semin- 

 aries and polytechnic schools of the provinces, besides a 

 general Agricultural Society, counting more than 8,000 

 members. These facts convey the impression of much 

 zeal on the part of the government ; much interest in agri- 

 culture on the part of the people ; and an advanced state 

 of the art of culture in the kingdom generally. But "the 

 miserable aspect of Bavarian agriculture would lead one 

 to suppose that all these means of encouragement are 

 yery inefficacious." (Royer.) 



The schools are badly organized or conducted. The 

 great land-owners are indifierent on the subject of agricul- 

 tural improvement, while the miserably defective condition 

 of the roads and other means of internal communication 

 indicate, that even the government which has organized all 

 the formal apparatus we have mentioned, is not itself alive 

 to the most fundamental element of agricultural progress. 



Prussia cannot boast either of its practical agriculture, 

 or of its system of agricultural instruction. It is a proof 

 of how very little has in past ages been done in the way 

 of teaching the rural population the principles of the art 

 of culture, that Prussia should so long have derived an 



