CATTLE. 127 



CHAPTER XXVII. 



CATTLE. 



BREEDS OF CATTLE. Cattle formerly included all the live 

 stpck of the farm ; we now apply the term only to bovine 

 cattle or neat cattle. They are descended from wild animals, 

 some of which are still found in the wild condition. As 

 horses were at first used for warfare, cattle were largely used 

 for work. We have now two uses for cattle producing beef 

 and producing milk. There are very many different breeds in 

 these two classes, but we may give the four leading breeds of 

 each class in this country as follows : 



Beef breeds : 



1. The Shorthorn, or Durham, originated in Durham 

 County, England, over 100 years ago from Teeswater cattle. 

 There are some dairy families also among shorthorns. 



2. The Hereford, originated in Herefordshire, England, over 

 150 years ago. 



3. The Galloway, a breed of black polled cattle or "doddies," 

 from Southern Scotland. 



4. The Aberdeen-Angus, from Aberdeenshire, Scotland. 

 Dairy breeds : 



1. The Jersey, from the Island of Jeisey. 



2. The Guernsey, from the Island of Guernsey. 



3. The Ayrshire, from Ayrshire, Scotland. 



4. The Holstein, or Holstein-Friesian. 



In figure 70 we give the outlines of a beef animal. We shall 

 now refer to a few of these parts. 



