NO. 1873 PREHISTORIC RUINS IN GILA VALLEY FEWKES 419 



4. QUITOAC RUIN l 



Another cluster of mounds in the neighborhood of Picacho, 2 

 also not visited by the author, appears from reports to be the remains 

 of a considerable prehistoric settlement. In the time of the Spanish 

 fathers there were apparently several Pima rancherias in this local- 

 ity, which was a constant halting place in early visitations. 



5. RUINS NEAR KWAHADT INDIAN VILLAGES 



South of the railroad station called Casa Grande, on the Southern 

 Pacific Railroad, there are Indian villages inhabited by Kwahadts, 

 Papagos, and Pimas. 3 Near one of these settlements there is a 

 cluster of mounds, one or two of which are large, indicating build- 

 ings of compounds like those at Casa Grande and elsewhere along 

 the Gila and Salt rivers. 



The largest cluster of these mounds has been described to me as 

 situated on the road from the "Jack Rabbit Mine" to the "Reward 

 Mine," near an Indian village about 6 miles south of the former. 

 The informant said that while the general appearance of the mounds 

 resembled those of Casa Grande, there were no extensive walls 

 above ground. 



III. SALT RIVER COMPOUNDS 



The majority of ancient mounds of the Salt River Valley lie in 

 the neighborhood of Phoenix, Tempe, and Mesa City. Although 

 house walls are now generally hidden, their exposed tops, when 

 traced, show the same compound structure as those of the Gila 

 between Florence and Casa Blanca. Seven such compounds exist 

 in the neighborhood of Phoenix, as shown in Mr. Patrick's map, 4 



1 Kihu, carrying basket ; toac, mountain. 



2 Called by the Pimas Taatukam (Russell) Tacom, which appears in Spanish 

 writers as Ttacca, Taceo, or Quitcak. Dr. Russell mentions the following 

 ruins near Picacho : i, "Small pueblo ruin" northeast of the mountain, 15 

 miles from the river ; 2., East of the mountain "Kistcoit Vatcik," Table Tank ; 

 north, Mo' ok' Vatcik, Sharp Tank; west, A'alt Vap'tck, Small Tanks; north- 

 west of Akutciny, small pueblo ruins. 



3 The region extending south from the Southern Pacific Railroad to the 

 Mexican boundary is ethnologically a most interesting one, pleading for visits 

 of both ethnologists and archaeologists. 



4 The best published map we have of the distribution of aboriginal ruins and 

 irrigation ditches in this region is by Mr. Patrick, of Phoenix, Arizona, to 

 whom the author is indebted for many kindnesses. 



