XO. 1873 PREHISTORIC RUINS IN GILA VALLEY FEWKES . 425 



The largest compound (fig. 70) is oriented north and south, the 

 wall surrounding it being approximately 353 by 246 feet in dimen- 

 sions. The north wall and the northeast and northwest angles of 

 the compound are entire, and were the earth removed would show 

 unbroken corners. The whole west wall from the northwest to the 

 southwest corner is likewise in fair condition, but the southwest 

 angle, the southwest wall, and the southeast angle are more or less 

 broken, the latter having been washed away by the "Cross-cut" 

 canal. The road following this canal cuts across the southeast side 

 and the Phcenix-Tempe road has more or less obscured or destroyed 

 the south wall. 



The large central mound of this compound has been somewhat 

 mutilated. 1 It is from 15 to 18 feet high and shows walls of many 

 rooms, some of them constructed of stone laid in adobe with smooth 

 surfaces. This mound was evidently once covered with fragile 

 walled buildings like those on Compound B of the Casa Grande 

 group, but at present the supports have decayed and the walls are 

 covered by fallen debris. 



There are several other smaller mounds in this group, among 

 which may be mentioned a circular depression or reservoir, vaski, 

 1,400 feet north of this compound. About 2,230 feet north of it 

 there is a cluster of mounds, one of them in part excavated many 

 years ago by Mr. F. H. Cushing. 2 



Of the several other mounds in this vicinity the largest has the 

 form of a compound and is situated about 600 feet west of the 

 first. This compound has the general form of the type, but it has 

 no central mounds indicating large buildings. Apparently its rooms 

 were fragile walled habitations and it closely resembles Compound C 

 of the Casa Grande group. 



2. CARROLI, COMPOUND 



This compound, situated about a mile and a half west of Tempe, 

 was not visited in 1907, but was examined by the author in 1892. 

 The massive walled building is considerably worn down and reduced 

 almost to the level of the surrounding plain. 



1 Excavations into the east side of this mound were made several years ago 

 by the Arizona Antiquarian Society. The idea that the rooms of this mound 

 were subterranean is erroneous, and the indications are that there were floors 

 one above another as at Compound B, in the Casa Grande group, one room 

 being built on the debris that had accumulated after the lower had been 

 deserted. 



2 From the many small mounds in this vicinity this cluster of rooms was 

 called Los Pueblitos by Mr. F. H. Cushing, who first opened them. 



