NO. 1873 PREHISTORIC RL'IXS IN GILA VALLEY FEWKES 



429 



important ruins in this part of this valley, entering it from the 

 junction with the Gila. 



Prehistoric mounds of considerable size were first encountered 

 in the immediate neighborhood of Dudleyville, at the mouth of the 

 San Pedro. One of the most striking evidences of the former 

 presence of Indians at that point are the pictographs, possibly of 

 Apache origin, in a cave not far from the road on the left bank of 

 the river. Ruins are found at intervals as far up the river as the 

 exploration was continued. 



i. RUIN OPPOSITE OLD FORT GRANT 



Old Fort Grant is situated a short distance north of the mouth 

 of the Arivaipa Canyon, on the east side of the San Pedro. Di- 

 rectly opposite the fort to the south, on the low hills, there are 

 remains of walls, rows 

 of foundation walls., and 

 piles of stones, indicat- 

 ing the site of a con- 

 siderable settlement (pi. 

 XL.II, figs, i, 2). Al- 

 though here and there a 

 rock formation of red 

 color occurs in this 

 neighborhood, neither 

 the walls nor the soil are 

 red, so that environment 

 adds little to support the 



200'. 



FIG. 72. Ruin opposite Old Fort Grant 



theory that here was situated the red house (Chachilticalli) 1 of Cas- 

 taneda. The rectangular arrangement of rows of stones character- 

 istic of compounds is indicated in this ruin. The east wall (fig. 72) 

 of this rectangle measures not far from 250 feet. In the inclosure 

 there is a large central mound composed of stones, the altitude of 

 which is from 10 to 15 feet. 



On a neighboring mesa, situated a few hundrecTfeet south of that 

 on which the compound lies, there are many piles of small stones 

 suggesting a cemetery. 



The author believes that the ruin near the mouth of the Arivaipa 



1 It has been suggested that the building called by Castaneda Chachilticalli, 

 or Red House, was situated near Old Fort Grant, but neither the rock in 

 place, earth, nor stones that compose the walls examined by the author in 

 that neighborhood have a red color. 



