408 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. $2 



Casa Grande, Sia'-al Tcu-vtaki, Morning Blue. 



Santan, Kia'-atak, Handle. 

 Ruin four miles northwest of Tcuf'haowo-o, Dipper. 



Santan, 



Sweetwater, Ta'-a, Flying. 



Casa Blanco, Tco'-otcuk Ta'tai, Black Sinew. 



Gila Crossing Ruin, Tcu'narsat, Lizard. 



Mesa (name?), A'-an Hi'tupaki, Feather Breathing. 



Tempe (name?), Vi'ik Fait Ma'kai, Soft Feathers Rolling. 



The author has found that different Indians apply other names to 

 the above ruins, but although their nomenclature of individual 

 mounds varies, all refer a name of a chief to each of the larger 

 clusters. 



The geographical center of the culture area, characterized by 

 Great Houses inclosed in compounds, as indicated by the largest 

 number and purest architectural forms, lies near Phcenix, Tempe, 

 and Mesa. 1 The San Pedro, Santa Cruz, upper Gila, and Salt and 

 the northern tributaries of the Salt are frontiers of this area, the 

 culture being considerably modified by local environment. 



For convenience in treatment, the mounds or ruins in the region 

 under consideration will be classified as follows: I, Middle Gila 

 Valley Compounds; II, Santa Cruz Valley Compounds; III, Salt 

 Valley Compounds; and, IV, Ruins on the San Pedro. 



I. MIDDLE GILA VALLEY COMPOUNDS 



The more prominent of the Great House mounds of the Gila are 

 the following: i, Ruin 15 miles east of Florence; 2, Ruin 3 miles 

 east of Florence; 3, Ruin near Florence; 4, Escalante ruin; 5, 

 Tcurikvaaki (Ruin near Adamsville) ; 6, Ruin 5 miles east of Casa 

 Grande; 7, Casa Grande; 8, Ruin on right bank of Gila opposite 

 Blackwater; 9, Santan; 10, Ruin 4 miles west of Santan; n, Snake 

 ruin; 12, Sweet Water; 13, Casa Blanca; 14, Ruins at Gila Cross- 

 ing. The following ruins have been associated with names of chiefs 

 (civans) who inhabited them: 7, Casa Grande; Sialim tcutuk 

 (Green or Blue) ; 11, Taa (Flying) ; 13, Tcuk tatai (Black Sinew) ; 

 14, Tcunarsat (Lizard). 



These people were conquered by Elder Brother in the following order: (i) 

 Casa Grande; (2) an extensive "pueblo" at Santan, the pueblo of chief Tcuf- 

 haowo-o; (3) Sweetwater, ruled by Ta'-a; (4) Casa Blanca, pueblo of 

 Tco'-otcuk Ta'tai; (5) Vultures pueblo; (6) Tcu'narsat's pueblo at Gila 

 Crossing; (7) that of A' an Hi'tupaki at Mesa; and (8) Vi'ik I'alt Ma'kai, 

 at Tempe. 



r The Septenary arrangement of these Great Houses and compounds to 

 which Mr. F. H. Gushing, op. cit., ascribed considerable importance is not 

 evident. 



