38 FOSSIL MASTODON AND MAMMOTH REMAINS. 



tending from the lower border to the external condyl to the upper 

 margin of the trochlear surface on which the patella glides is six- 

 teen inches. This mass is from eight to ten times the size of the 

 corresponding part of an average horse. All the parts are quite 

 firm and in such state of preservation that they have not in the 

 least been affected by exposure since their removal from the 

 ground. The conditions were such as to lead to the conclusion 

 that the bones could never have been buried to a greater depth 

 than that at which they were discovered. The superincumbent 

 covering must have been increasing in thickness rather than di- 

 minishing, on account of the process of gradual filling now going 

 on in these shallow prairie basins. A number of trial excavations 

 were made in different parts of the depression without unearthing 

 any additional portions of the skeleton. 



(Iowa, Geological Survey, Vol IX, pp. 210211.) 



WARREN COUNTY. 



Indianola. "In June, 1903, workmen engaged in laying a ce- 

 ment foundation for a culvert on the Chicago, Burlington and 

 Quincy railroad, two and a half miles east of Indianola, found 

 large bones at a depth of six feet below the bottom of the draw or 

 ravine. The two fragments brought me are parts of the centra of 

 vertebrae, each about four inches across and two and a half 

 inches thick. There is also a fragment two inches long that seems 

 to be part of a rib. They were found in the Kansan drift. I do 

 not know whether these remains are of the mastodon or mam- 

 moth." 



(Reported by John L. Til ton, Simpson College.) 



WASHINGTON COUNTY, 



Having observed some newspaper notices of large bones and 

 teeth found in Washington county, Iowa, by Mr. Jerry Hoppin, 

 we went down there on the eighteenth of July (1881), to see what 

 discoveries had been made. We found Mr. Hoppin's farm on sec- 



