INSECT STRUCTURES 7 



ments. The first one, joining the body, is the coxa. This 

 is usually small and rounded. Next to the coxa is a small, 

 sometimes indistinct but sometimes two-jointed, part 

 called the trochanter. The first large joint is the thigh or 

 femur. Then comes the tibia, usually long and slender, 

 then the tarsus or foot. The tarsus has several joints 



,oc. 



I ant. 



Mt. s. Ms. s. 



p. stl. 



\ 



m.p. 



FIG. 4. Grasshopper, from Side, Showing Main Parts of Skeleton of 

 Typical Insect. 



A., head; c.e., compound eye; oc., ocellus; ant., antenna; m.p., mouth-parts; 

 B., thorax; P.N., pronotum; p.sll., prosternellum; Ms. s., mesosternum; Mt. s., 

 metasternum; Cx. c., coxal cavity; Ms. es., meso-episternum; Ms. e., meso- 

 epimeron; Mt. es., meta-episternum; Mt. e., meta-epimeron; sp., spiracle; C., 

 abdomen; (segments numbered); T., tergite, S., sternite; Ty., tympanum or ear; 

 sp., spiracles. 



and usually ends in a claw of one or two parts. Between 

 the two parts of the claw there is often found a small, 

 pad-like affair, the empodium. 



The wings are, typically, flattened sacks with very 

 thin walls, strengthened with tubes or veins between 

 the walls. The veins form important characters in the 

 study of some groups and are given names. The margins 



