134 



SCHOOL ENTOMOLOGY 



84. Gnats and Midges. Several families of mosquito- 

 like flies are variously spoken of as Gnats and Midges. 



They arc usually 

 4* smaller than the 



I . 



mosquitoesandlack 

 the fringes on the 

 wings. Some of 

 these are fungus 

 eaters and are 

 known as Fungus- 

 gnats (Mycetophi- 

 lidce) ; others are 

 largely plant eaters 

 in the larval stage 

 and form swellings 

 or galls in the stems 

 of their food plants. 

 These are called 

 gall-gnats. 



Cecidomyiidce. 

 To this family be- 



\ ^Hl longs the Hessian- 



fly (see page 250, 

 Part II). Other 

 families of gnats 

 and midges include 

 forms that attack 

 man and domestic 

 animals and are 

 serious pest at 

 certain seasons in some localities, particularly the far North. 



85. Tipulidae. The Crane-flies are not of great importance 

 but deserve mention on account of their abundance, their 



FIG. 100. Types of Flies (LKptera). 



1, A mosquito (Culicidce) ; 2, Crane-flies (Tipu- 

 lidae); 3, Horse-flies (Tabanida). 



