HYMENOPTERA 143 



is indirect. The larvae of all but two groups of Hymen- 

 optera are footless, usually fleshy, white, grub-like, crea- 

 tures. Some of the exceptions are caterpillar-like, but 

 may be known by the fact that they have more than 

 five pairs of pro-legs. Where the larvae are helpless they 

 are either cared for by the adults until they are fully 



FIG. 106. A Modern Bee-hive Supported on Hollow Tiles. 



grown or the eggs are placed in or on the food, and 

 left there. 



95. Sub-Orders. There are two sub-orders. In one, the 

 females have the ovipositor modified into a stinging organ. 

 In the other, the ovipositor is fitted for boring plant tis- 

 sues to deposit the eggs and is not used as a weapon. 

 The one sub-order is called the Stinging-Hymenoptera or 

 Aculeata; the other, the Boring-Hymenoptera or Tere- 

 brantia. 



96. The Stinging Hymenoptera. All the commonly ob- 

 served members of the order are classified in this sub- 

 order. While they are all properly called stinging Hy- 



