16 SCIENCE AND CULTURE. 



and deep foundation for that criticism of life which 

 constitutes culture. 



Indeed, to any one acquainted with the scope of 

 physical science, it is not at all evident. Considering 

 progress only in the " intellectual and spiritual sphere," 

 f I find myself wholly unable to admit that either nations 

 or individuals will really advance, if their common out- 

 fit draws nothing from the stores of physical science. I 

 should say that an army, without weapons of precision, 

 and with no particular base of operations, might more 

 hopefully enter upon a campaign on the Rhine, than a 

 man, devoid of a knowledge of what physical science has 

 done in the last century, upon a criticism of life. ' 



When a biologist meets with an anomaly, he in- 

 stinctively turns to the study of development to clear 

 it up. The rationale of contradictory opinions may 

 with equal confidence be sought in history. 



It is, happily, no new thing that Englishmen should 

 employ their wealth in building and endowing institu- 

 tions for educational purposes. But, five or six hundred 

 years ago, deeds of foundation expressed or implied con- 

 ditions as nearly as possible contrary to those which have 

 been thought expedient by Sir Josiah Mason. That is 

 to say, physical science was practically ignored, while a 

 certain literary training was enjoined as a means to the 

 acquirement of knowledge which was essentially theo- 

 logical. 



The reason of this singular contradiction between the 



