UNIVERSITIES: ACTUAL AND IDEAL. 47 



I just now expressed the opinion that, in our ideal 

 University, a man should be able to obtain instruction 

 in all forms of knowledge. Now, by " forms of knowl- 

 edge " I mean the great classes of things knowable ; of 

 which the first, in logical, though not in natural, order 

 is knowledge relating to the scope and limits of thei 

 mental faculties of man ; a form of knowledge which, 

 in its positive aspect, answers pretty much to Logic 

 and part of Psychology, while, on its negative and criti- 

 cal side, it corresponds with Metaphysics. 



A second class comprehends all that knowledge 

 which relates to man's welfare, so far as it is determined, 

 by his own acts, or what we call his conduct. It answers\ 

 to Moral and Religious philosophy. Practically, it is 

 the most directly valuable of all forms of knowledge, 

 but speculatively, it is limited and criticised by that 

 which precedes and by that which follows it in my 

 order of enumeration. 



A third class embraces knowledge of the phenomena 

 of the Universe, as that which lies about the individual 

 man : and of the rules which those phenomena are ob- 

 served to follow in the order of their occurrence, which 

 we term the laws of Nature. 



This is what ought to be called Natural Science, or 

 Physiology, though those terms are hopelessly diverted 

 from such a meaning ; and it includes all exact knowl- 

 edge of natural fact, whether Mathematical, Physical, 

 Biological, or Social. 



Kant has said that the ultimate object of all knowl- 



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