52 UNIVERSITIES: ACTUAL AND IDEAL. 



ers." "In cultivating, therefore," science as an essen- 

 tial ingredient in education, " we are all the while lay- 

 ing an admirable foundation for ethical and philosophical 

 culture." * 



The passages I have quoted were uttered by John 

 Stuart Mill ; but you cannot hear inverted commas, and 

 it is therefore right that I should add, without delay, 

 that I have taken the liberty of substituting "workers 

 in science " for " ancient dialecticians," and " Science as 

 an essential ingredient in education" for "the ancient 

 languages as our best literary education." Mill did, in 

 fact, deliver a noble panegyric upon classical studies. 

 I do not doubt its justice, nor presume to question its 

 wisdom. But I venture to maintain that no wise or just 

 judge, who has a knowledge of the facts, will hesitate to 

 say that it applies with equal force to scientific training. 



But it is only fair to the Scottish Universities to 

 point out that they have long understood the value of 

 Science as a branch of general education. I observe, 

 with the greatest satisfaction, that candidates for the 

 degree of Master of Arts in this University are required 

 to have a knowledge, not only of Mental and Moral 

 Philosophy, and of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, 

 but of Natural History, in addition to the ordinary 

 Latin and Greek course ; and that a candidate may take 

 honours in these subjects and in Chemistry. 



I do not know what the requirements of your ex- 



* Inaugural Address delivered to the University of St. Andrews, Feb- 

 ruary 1, 1867, by J. S. Mill, Rector of the University (pp. 32, 33). 



