196 ERRORS ATTRIBUTED TO ARISTOTLE. 



quite true that the lungs are much more obviously dis- 

 tinct from one another in birds. 



Aubert and Wimmer translate the last paragraph of 

 the passage just cited as follows : 



"Diese haben aber knorpelige Scheidewande, welche unter spit- 

 zen Winkeln zusammentreten, und aus ihnen fuhren Oeffnungen 

 durch die ganze Lunge, indein sie sich in immer kleineren ver- 

 zweigen." 



But I cannot think that by Suupvo-ei? and r/^ara, in 

 this passage, Aristotle meant either "partitions" or open- 

 ings in the ordinary sense of the latter word. For, in 

 Book iii. Cap. 3, in describing the distribution of the 

 " vein which goes to the lung " (the pulmonary artery), 

 he says that it 



" extends alongside each tube (abpryyd) and each passage (rp^/za), the 

 larger beside the larger, and the smaller beside the smaller ; so that 

 no part (of the lung) can be found from which a passage (rp^f^a) and 

 a vein are absent." 



Moreover, in Book i. 17, he says 



" Canals (Tr6poi) from the heart pass to the lung and divide in the 

 same fashion as the windpipe does, closely accompanying those from 

 the windpipe through the whole lung." 



And again in Book i. 17 



"It (the lung) is entirely spongy, and alongside of each tube 

 run canals (rrdpoi) from the great vein." 



On comparing the last three statements with the facts 

 of the case, it is plain that by <rvpvyye<;, or tubes, Aristotle 

 means the bronchi and so many of their larger divisions 

 as obviously contain cartilages; and that by 



