ANIMAL AUTOMATISM. 251 



which believes itself to be the author of them, which has different 

 volitions on the occasion of the different movements, and you will 

 on this hypothesis construct a man. 



" But would this man be free ? Can the feeling of our liberty, 

 this feeling which is so clear and so distinct and so vivid as to per- 

 suade us that we are the authors of our actions, be conciliated with 

 this hypothesis ? If it removes the difficulty which attends the con- 

 ception of the action of the soul on the body, on the other hand it 

 leaves untouched that which meets us in endeavouring to conceive 

 the action of the body on the soul." 



But if Leibnitz, Jonathan Edwards, and Hartley 

 men who rank among the giants of the world of thought 

 could see no antagonism between the doctrine under 

 discussion and Christian orthodoxy, is it not just possible 

 that smaller folk may be wrong in making such a coil 

 about " logical consequences " ? And seeing how large 

 a share of this clamour is raised by the clergy of one 

 denomination or another, may I say, in conclusion, that 

 it really would be well if ecclesiastical persons would 

 reflect that ordination, whatever deep-seated graces it 

 may confer, has never been observed to be followed by 

 any visible increase in the learning or the logic of its 

 subject. Making a man a Bishop, or entrusting him 

 with the office of ministering to even the largest of 

 Presbyterian congregations, or setting him up to lecture 

 to a Church congress, really does not in the smallest de- 

 gree augment such title to respect as his opinions may 

 intrinsically possess. And, when such a man presumes 

 on an authority which was conferred upon him for other 

 purposes, to sit in judgment upon matters his incompe- 

 tence to deal with which is patent, it is permissible to 



