40 REPORT ON INJURIOUS INSECTS FOR 1904. 



The annual loss from its ravages is estimated at from 25 

 to 75 per cent, of the crop of Apples. In many States in America 

 the loss is still 50 per cent. 



Though known by a variety of names such as apple worm, 

 fruit worm, fruit moth, etc., it is best known by the name of 

 Codling moth, given to it by Wilkes, an English writer, in 1747. 



LIFE-HISTORY AND HABITS. 



The moths appear about the end of May, and the eggs are 

 deposited singly upon apples just after the petals of the blossoms 

 have fallen. The number varies between 50 and 100. In seven 

 or eight days the minute larvae appear, scarcely one sixteenth of an 

 inch in length, and of a greyish white colour, with a glossy black 

 head. After creeping over the young apple for some little time, 

 the larva, it will be noticed, in most cases enters the apple at the 

 blossom end or calyx cavity, and commences to tunnel its way 



FIG. XXII. THE CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella). 



I. Larva. 2. Pupa. 3. Moth. All natural size. 4. Section of 

 apple injured by larva. 



to the core. Usually only a single larva enters each fruit, but 

 two, three, and even four have been found. According to 

 Professor Slingerland, seventy-five per cent, of the young larvae 

 enter the fruit at the calyx end, and from observation he is of 

 opinion that they spend several days feeding around in the 

 calyx cavity. In its progress to the core of the apple the larva 

 thrusts out portions of the pulp and excrement, and these masses 

 of little brown particles are the first sign that it has commenced 

 its injurious work. In about seven days time it reaches the 

 core, and there commences to feed upon the pips or seeds and 

 upon the surrounding pulp. Whilst within the apple, it is said 

 to shed its skin four times. 



